Empayar Byzantine (Rom Timur) Syria – Armenia – Mesir – Afrika Utara – Cyprus – Constantinople – Georgia – Crete – Sicily – Selatan Itali
Empayar Sassanid Parsi Mesopotamia – Parsi – Afghanistan – Lembah Indus
Khanate Khazar Turkic Kaukasus – Volga River – Azerbaijan
Kerajaan Visigoth (Hispania)
Empayar Frankish (Gaul)
Empayar Tang China (Asia Tengah)
