Bloco de Leste

A situação política na Europa durante a Guerra Fria depois de 1948.

O Bloco Oriental, também conhecido como Bloco do Leste, Bloco Comunista (Combloc), Bloco Socialista e Bloco Soviético, foi a coalizão de estados comunistas da Europa Central e Oriental, Ásia, África e América Latina que estavam alinhados com a União Soviética e existiu durante a Guerra Fria (1947-1991). Estes estados seguiram a ideologia do marxismo-leninismo, em oposição ao Bloco Ocidental capitalista. O Bloco Oriental era frequentemente chamado de "Segundo Mundo", enquanto o termo "Primeiro Mundo" referia-se ao Bloco Ocidental e "Terceiro Mundo" referia-se aos países não alinhados que estavam principalmente na África, Ásia e América Latina, mas notavelmente também incluía a ex-aliada soviética pré-1948, a Iugoslávia, que estava localizada na Europa.

Na Europa Ocidental, o termo Bloco Oriental geralmente se referia à URSS e aos países da Europa Central e Oriental no Comecon (Alemanha Oriental, Polônia, Tchecoslováquia, Hungria, Romênia, Bulgária e Albânia^{[Nota 1]}). Na Ásia, o Bloco Oriental compreendia a Mongólia, Vietnã, Laos, Kampuchea, Coreia do Norte, Iêmen do Sul, Síria e a China.^{[Nota 2]}^[1] Nas Américas, os países alinhados com a União Soviética incluíram Cuba a partir de 1961 e, por períodos limitados, Nicarágua e Granada.^[2]

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↑
Fontes:
- Loth, Wilfried, The Division of the World, 1941–1955, Routledge, 1988, ISBN 0-415-00365-2, p. 297
- Haggett, Peter, Encyclopedia of World Geography, Marshall Cavendish, 2001, ISBN 0-7614-7289-4, p. 1,850
- Rees, G. Wyn. International Politics in Europe: The New Agenda, Routledge, 1993, ISBN 0-415-08282-X, p. 6
- Satyendra, Kush (2003), Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Political Science, ISBN 978-81-7890-071-1, Sarup & Sons, p. 65, the countries of Eastern Europe under communism
- Janzen, Jörg; Taraschewski, Thomas (2009). Shahshahānī, Suhaylā, ed. Cities of Pilgrimage. Col: Iuaes-series. 4. Münster: LIT Verlag. p. 190. ISBN 9783825816186. Cópia arquivada em 5 de setembro de 2015. Until 1990, despite being a formally independent state, Mongolia had de facto been an integral part of the Soviet-dominated Eastern Bloc.
- Gasztold-Seń, Trentin, Adamec, Przemysław, Przemysław, Jan (2014). Syria During the Cold War: The East European Connection. [S.l.]: University of St Andrews, Centre for Syrian Studies. ISBN 9780956873224
- Ginat, Rami (abril de 2000). «The Soviet Union and the Syrian Ba'th regime: From hesitation to Rapprochement». Middle Eastern Studies. 36 (2): 150–171. JSTOR 4284075. doi:10.1080/00263200008701312 – via JSTOR
↑ Piero Gleijeses, Conflicting Missions: Havana, Washington and Africa, 1959–1976, ISBN 978-0-8078-5464-8.

[3] Fontes:
Loth, Wilfried, The Division of the World, 1941–1955, Routledge, 1988, ISBN 0-415-00365-2, p. 297

Haggett, Peter, Encyclopedia of World Geography, Marshall Cavendish, 2001, ISBN 0-7614-7289-4, p. 1,850

Rees, G. Wyn. International Politics in Europe: The New Agenda, Routledge, 1993, ISBN 0-415-08282-X, p. 6

Satyendra, Kush (2003), Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Political Science, ISBN 978-81-7890-071-1, Sarup & Sons, p. 65, the countries of Eastern Europe under communism

Janzen, Jörg; Taraschewski, Thomas (2009). Shahshahānī, Suhaylā, ed. Cities of Pilgrimage. Col: Iuaes-series. 4. Münster: LIT Verlag. p. 190. ISBN 9783825816186. Cópia arquivada em 5 de setembro de 2015. Until 1990, despite being a formally independent state, Mongolia had de facto been an integral part of the Soviet-dominated Eastern Bloc.

Gasztold-Seń, Trentin, Adamec, Przemysław, Przemysław, Jan (2014). Syria During the Cold War: The East European Connection. [S.l.]: University of St Andrews, Centre for Syrian Studies. ISBN 9780956873224

Ginat, Rami (abril de 2000). «The Soviet Union and the Syrian Ba'th regime: From hesitation to Rapprochement». Middle Eastern Studies. 36 (2): 150–171. JSTOR 4284075. doi:10.1080/00263200008701312 – via JSTOR

[2] Loth, Wilfried, The Division of the World, 1941–1955, Routledge, 1988, ISBN 0-415-00365-2, p. 297

[3] Haggett, Peter, Encyclopedia of World Geography, Marshall Cavendish, 2001, ISBN 0-7614-7289-4, p. 1,850

[4] Rees, G. Wyn. International Politics in Europe: The New Agenda, Routledge, 1993, ISBN 0-415-08282-X, p. 6

[5] Satyendra, Kush (2003), Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Political Science, ISBN 978-81-7890-071-1, Sarup & Sons, p. 65, the countries of Eastern Europe under communism

[6] Janzen, Jörg; Taraschewski, Thomas (2009). Shahshahānī, Suhaylā, ed. Cities of Pilgrimage. Col: Iuaes-series. 4. Münster: LIT Verlag. p. 190. ISBN 9783825816186. Cópia arquivada em 5 de setembro de 2015. Until 1990, despite being a formally independent state, Mongolia had de facto been an integral part of the Soviet-dominated Eastern Bloc.

[7] Gasztold-Seń, Trentin, Adamec, Przemysław, Przemysław, Jan (2014). Syria During the Cold War: The East European Connection. [S.l.]: University of St Andrews, Centre for Syrian Studies. ISBN 9780956873224

[8] Ginat, Rami (abril de 2000). «The Soviet Union and the Syrian Ba'th regime: From hesitation to Rapprochement». Middle Eastern Studies. 36 (2): 150–171. JSTOR 4284075. doi:10.1080/00263200008701312 – via JSTOR

[Piero2-4] Piero Gleijeses, Conflicting Missions: Havana, Washington and Africa, 1959–1976, ISBN 978-0-8078-5464-8.

[Nota 1]

[Nota 2]

[1]

[2]

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Bloco de Leste

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