Somalie

Federal Republic o Somalie[1] Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya (so) جمهورية الصومال الفدرالية (ar) Jumhūriyyat aṣ-Ṣūmāl al-Fiderāliyya
Banner Coat o airms
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Location o  Somalie  (dark blue) – in Africa  (light blue & dark grey) – in the African Union  (light blue)
Caipital and largest city	Mogadishu 2°2′N 45°21′E / 2.033°N 45.350°E / 2.033; 45.350
Offeecial leids	Somali Arabic[2]
Ethnic groups	Somalis (85%) Benadiris Bantus an ither nan-Somalis (15%)[3]
Demonym(s)	Somali[3] Somalian[4]
Govrenment	Federal pairlamentar republic
• Preses	Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed
• Prime Meenister	Mohamed Hussein Roble
Legislatur	Federal Pairlament
Formation
• Somali ceety-states	c. 200 BCE
• Sultanate o Mogadishu	10t century
• Warsangali Sultanate	13t century
• Ajuran Empire	13t century
• Majeerteen Sultanate	18t century
• Breetish Somaliland	1884
• Italian Somaliland	1889
• Union, Independence an Constitution	1 July 1960[3]
• Seicont Constitution	25 August 1979[3]
• Current Constitution	1 August 2012
Aurie
• Total	637,657 km2 (246,201 sq mi) (44t)
Population
• 2014 estimate	10,428,043[3] (86t)
• Density	16.12[5]/km2 (41.8/sq mi) (199t)
GDP (PPP)	2010 estimate
• Total	$5.896 billion[3] (163rd)
• Per capita	$600[3] (224t)
Currency	Somali shilling (SOS)
Time zone	UTC+3 (EAT)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+3 (no observit)
Drivin side	richt
Cawin code	+252
Internet TLD	.so

Somalie (pronounced /soʊˈmɑːliə/ ^{(deprecatit template)} soh-MAH-lee-ə; Somali: Soomaaliya; Arabic: الصومال‎ aṣ-Ṣūmāl), offeecially the Federal Republic o Somalie (Somali: Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya, Arabic: جمهورية الصومال الفدرالية‎ Jumhūriyyat aṣ-Ṣūmāl al-Fiderāliyya), is a kintra situate in the Horn o Africae. It is bordered bi Djibouti tae the northwast, Kenyae tae the soothwast, the Gulf o Aden wi Yemen tae the north, the Indie Ocean tae the aest, an Ethiopie tae the wast. Wi the langest coastline on the continent, its terrain consists mainly o plateaus, plains an Hielands.

In antiquity, Somalie wis a important centre for commerce wi the rest o the auncient warld. Its sailors an merchants war the main suppleers o frankincense, myrrh an spices, items that war considered valuable luxuries bi the Auncient Egyptians, Phoenicies, Mycenaeans an Babylonians wi whom the Somali fowk tradit. The auncient Puntites war a naition o fowk that haed close relations wi Pharaonic Egyp durin the times o Pharaoh Sahure an Queen Hatshepsut. The pyramidal structures, temples an auncient hooses o dressed stane littered aroon the kintra are said tae date frae this period. Durin the Middle Ages, several pouerfou Somali empires dominatit the regional tred, includin the Ajuuraan State, the Sultanate o Adal, the Warsangali Sultanate an the Gobroon Dynasty.

Somalie wis never formally colonized. Muhammad Abdullah Hassan's Dervish State successfully repulsed the Breetish Empire fower times an forced it tae retreat tae the coastal region. Due tae thir successfu expeditions, the Dervish State wis recognised as an ally bi the Ottoman an German Empires. Ottoman Turks an aa named Hassan Emir o the Somali naition, an the Germans promised tae offeecially recognise ony territories the Dervishes wur tae acquire. Efter a quarter o a century o haudin the Breetish at bay, the Dervishes war finally defeatit in 1920 as a direct consequence o Breetain's new policy o aerial bombardment. As a result o this bombardment, umwhile Dervish territories war turned intae a protectorate o Breetain. France faced seemilar opposition frae Somali Sultans an armies, an did nae acquire full control o pairts o modren Somalie til the Italy's Fascist era in late 1927. This occupation lasted til 1941, an wis replaced bi a Breetish militar admeenistration. Northren Somalie wad remain a protectorate, while soothren Somalie became a trusteeship. The Union o the twa regions in 1960s formed the Somali Republic. A civilian govrenment wis formed, an on 20 Julie 1961, throuch a popular referendum, a new constitution that haed first been drafted the year afore wis ratified.

1. ↑ The Federal Republic of Somalia is the country's name per Article 1 of the Provisional Constitution Archived 2013-01-24 at the Wayback Machine.
2. ↑ "The Federal Republic of Somalia – Provisional Constitution" (PDF). Archived frae the original (PDF) on 23 October 2012. Retrieved 13 Mairch 2013.Archived 2013-01-24 at the Wayback Machine
3. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} "Somalia". The World Factbook. Langley, Virginia: Central Intelligence Agency. Archived frae the original on 1 Julie 2016. Retrieved 8 Februar 2017.
4. ↑ Paul Dickson (15 August 2006). Labels for Locals : What to Call People from Abilene to Zimbabwe (1st Collins ed.). New York: HarperCollins. p. 208. ISBN 978-0-06-088164-1. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
5. ↑ CIA World Factbook 2011 – Population density. Photius.com (2011-05-25). Retrieved on 2011-12-15.