Kokain

Kokain
(IUPAC) ime
	metil (1R,2R,3S,5S)-3- (benzoiloksi)-8-metil-8-azabiciklo[3.2.1] oktan-2-karboksilat
Klinički podaci
Identifikatori
CAS broj	50-36-2
ATC kod	N01BC01 R02AD03, S01HA01, S02DA02
PubChem	5760
DrugBank	DB00907
ChemSpider	10194104
UNII	I5Y540LHVR
KEGG	D00110
ChEMBL	CHEMBL120901
Hemijski podaci
Formula	C17H21NO4
Mol. masa	303.353 g/mol
SMILES	eMolekuli & PubHem
InChI
	InChI=1S/C17H21NO4/c1-18-12-8-9-13(18)15(17(20)21-2)14(10-12)22-16(19)11-6-4-3-5-7-11/h3-7,12-15H,8-10H2,1-2H3/t12-,13+,14-,15+/m0/s1 ; Key: ZPUCINDJVBIVPJ-LJISPDSOSA-N
Sinonimi	metilbenzoilekgonin, benzoilmetilekgonin
Fizički podaci
Tačka topljenja	98 °C (208 °F)
Tačka ključanja	187 °C (369 °F)
Rastvorljivost u voda	1800 mg/mL (20 °C)
Farmakokinetički podaci
Bioraspoloživost	Oralno: 33%; Insuflacija: 60–80%; Nazalni sprej: 25–43%
Metabolizam	hepatički CYP3A4
Poluvreme eliminacije	1 čas
Izlučivanje	Renalno
Farmakoinformacioni podaci
Trudnoća	?
Pravni status	Droga (S8) (AU) Schedule I (CA) ? (UK) Schedule II (SAD)
Opojna droga	visoka
Način primene	Topikalno, oralni, insuflacija, IV, PO

Kokain je alkaloid koji se dobiva iz grmaste zimzelene biljke koke (Erythroxylon coca) koja uspijeva u Južnoj Americi, nekim dijelovima Afrike, Indoneziji i Havajima.^[10]

↑ Li Q, Cheng T, Wang Y, Bryant SH (2010). „PubChem as a public resource for drug discovery.”. Drug Discov Today 15 (23-24): 1052-7. DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2010.10.003. PMID 20970519. edit
↑ Evan E. Bolton, Yanli Wang, Paul A. Thiessen, Stephen H. Bryant (2008). „Chapter 12 PubChem: Integrated Platform of Small Molecules and Biological Activities”. Annual Reports in Computational Chemistry 4: 217-241. DOI:10.1016/S1574-1400(08)00012-1.
↑ Hettne KM, Williams AJ, van Mulligen EM, Kleinjans J, Tkachenko V, Kors JA. (2010). „Automatic vs. manual curation of a multi-source chemical dictionary: the impact on text mining”. J Cheminform 2 (1): 3. DOI:10.1186/1758-2946-2-3. PMID 20331846. edit
↑ Joanne Wixon, Douglas Kell (2000). „Website Review: The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes — KEGG”. Yeast 17 (1): 48–55. DOI:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0061(200004)17:1<48::AID-YEA2>3.0.CO;2-H.
↑ Gaulton A, Bellis LJ, Bento AP, Chambers J, Davies M, Hersey A, Light Y, McGlinchey S, Michalovich D, Al-Lazikani B, Overington JP. (2012). „ChEMBL: a large-scale bioactivity database for drug discovery”. Nucleic Acids Res 40 (Database issue): D1100-7. DOI:10.1093/nar/gkr777. PMID 21948594. edit
↑ ^6,0 ^6,1 Fattinger K, Benowitz NL, Jones RT, Verotta D (2000). „Nasal mucosal versus gastrointestinal absorption of nasally administered cocaine”. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 56 (4): 305–10. DOI:10.1007/s002280000147. PMID 10954344.
↑ Barnett G, Hawks R, Resnick R (1981). „Cocaine pharmacokinetics in humans”. J Ethnopharmacol 3 (2-3): 353–66. DOI:10.1016/0378-8741(81)90063-5. PMID 7242115.
↑ Jeffcoat AR, Perez-Reyes M, Hill JM, Sadler BM, Cook CE (1989). „Cocaine disposition in humans after intravenous injection, nasal insufflation (snorting), or smoking”. Drug Metab. Dispos. 17 (2): 153–9. PMID 2565204.
↑ Wilkinson P, Van Dyke C, Jatlow P, Barash P, Byck R (1980). „Intranasal and oral cocaine kinetics”. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 27 (3): 386–94. DOI:10.1038/clpt.1980.52. PMID 7357795.
↑ Aggrawal, Anil (1995). Narcotic Drugs. National Book Trust, India. str. 52–3. ISBN 978-81-237-1383-0.

[1] Li Q, Cheng T, Wang Y, Bryant SH (2010). „PubChem as a public resource for drug discovery.”. Drug Discov Today 15 (23-24): 1052-7. DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2010.10.003. PMID 20970519. edit

[2] Evan E. Bolton, Yanli Wang, Paul A. Thiessen, Stephen H. Bryant (2008). „Chapter 12 PubChem: Integrated Platform of Small Molecules and Biological Activities”. Annual Reports in Computational Chemistry 4: 217-241. DOI:10.1016/S1574-1400(08)00012-1.

[3] Hettne KM, Williams AJ, van Mulligen EM, Kleinjans J, Tkachenko V, Kors JA. (2010). „Automatic vs. manual curation of a multi-source chemical dictionary: the impact on text mining”. J Cheminform 2 (1): 3. DOI:10.1186/1758-2946-2-3. PMID 20331846. edit

[4] Joanne Wixon, Douglas Kell (2000). „Website Review: The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes — KEGG”. Yeast 17 (1): 48–55. DOI:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0061(200004)17:1<48::AID-YEA2>3.0.CO;2-H.

[5] Gaulton A, Bellis LJ, Bento AP, Chambers J, Davies M, Hersey A, Light Y, McGlinchey S, Michalovich D, Al-Lazikani B, Overington JP. (2012). „ChEMBL: a large-scale bioactivity database for drug discovery”. Nucleic Acids Res 40 (Database issue): D1100-7. DOI:10.1093/nar/gkr777. PMID 21948594. edit

[fattinger2000-6] 6,0 ^6,1 Fattinger K, Benowitz NL, Jones RT, Verotta D (2000). „Nasal mucosal versus gastrointestinal absorption of nasally administered cocaine”. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 56 (4): 305–10. DOI:10.1007/s002280000147. PMID 10954344.

[7] Barnett G, Hawks R, Resnick R (1981). „Cocaine pharmacokinetics in humans”. J Ethnopharmacol 3 (2-3): 353–66. DOI:10.1016/0378-8741(81)90063-5. PMID 7242115.

[8] Jeffcoat AR, Perez-Reyes M, Hill JM, Sadler BM, Cook CE (1989). „Cocaine disposition in humans after intravenous injection, nasal insufflation (snorting), or smoking”. Drug Metab. Dispos. 17 (2): 153–9. PMID 2565204.

[9] Wilkinson P, Van Dyke C, Jatlow P, Barash P, Byck R (1980). „Intranasal and oral cocaine kinetics”. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 27 (3): 386–94. DOI:10.1038/clpt.1980.52. PMID 7357795.

[aggrawal1-10] Aggrawal, Anil (1995). Narcotic Drugs. National Book Trust, India. str. 52–3. ISBN 978-81-237-1383-0.

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Kokain

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