Chile

Republic of Chile República de Chile  (Spanish)
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: Por la razón o la fuerza "By reason or by force" (in Spanish)[1]
Anthem: Himno Nacional de Chile (in Spanish)
Capital and largest city	Santiago1
National language	Spanish
Other languages	English French German
Demonym(s)	Chilean
Government	Unitary presidential constitutional republic
• President	Gabriel Boric
• President of the Senate	Álvaro Elizalde
• President of the Chamber of Deputies	Raúl Soto
• President of the Constitutional Convention	María Elisa Quinteros
• President of Supreme Court	Guillermo Silva
Legislature	National Congress
• Upper house	Senate
• Lower house	Chamber of Deputies
Independence  from Spain
• Government Junta	18 September 1810
• Declared	12 February 1818
• Recognized	25 April 1844
• Current constitution	11 September 1980
Area
• Total	756,096.3[2] km2 (291,930.4 sq mi) (37th)
• Water (%)	2.1 (as of 2015)[3]
Population
• 2017 census	17,574,003[4] (64th)
• Density	24/km2 (62.2/sq mi) (198th)
GDP (PPP)	2022 estimate
• Total	$550.450 billion[5] (43rd)
• Per capita	$27,629[5] (57th)
GDP (nominal)	2022 estimate
• Total	$352.664 billion[5] (45th)
• Per capita	$17,702[5] (55th)
Gini (2021)	46[6] high
HDI (2019)	0.851[7] very high · 43rd
Currency	Peso (CLP)
Time zone	UTC−4 to −6 (CLT or EAST 3)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−3 to −5 (CLST or EASST)
Driving side	right
Calling code	+56
ISO 3166 code	CL
Internet TLD	.cl
The legislature is based in Valparaíso Includes Easter Island and Isla Sala y Gómez; does not include 1,250,000 square kilometres (480,000 sq mi) of territory claimed in Antarctica The mainland uses UTC−4 (in summer: UTC−3) ; Easter Island uses UTC−6 (in summer: UTC−5).

Chile (officially called Republic of Chile) is a country on the south-western side of South America. Most people there speak Spanish.

Chile, which claims a part of the Antarctic continent, is the longest country on earth. The Atacama Desert, in the north of the country, is the driest place on earth. The average rainfall there is less than 0.05 mm (0.0020 in) per year. The center of Chile, with the two cities Santiago and Valparaíso, has a Mediterranean climate with an average temperature of 28 °C (82 °F) in January and 11 °C (52 °F) in July. In the middle of Chile, the country is very good for growing things.

There are about 16.9 million people living in Chile in 2009. About 10 million people live in the center of Chile around Valparaíso and Santiago, on about 20% of the total land.

Chile is a well-educated country. Only 2.7% are not able to read or write. Some believe that Chile has one of the best school systems in South America.

About 95% of Chileans are people with a combination of European descent, mostly Spanish, but also German, English, Italian and Arab people. Around 2% of the population is Native American, but most people have native ancestors. Immigrants are 7% of the population. including Peruvians, Bolivians, Colombians, Haitians, Chinese and Europeans. The majority of people are Roman Catholic (62.8%), but many do not go to church. About 10% are Protestant, and there are some Jews and Muslims as well. The country's official language is Spanish. Chili peppers, first cultivated by Native Americans from other Latin American countries and the United States, did not come from this country, although it has a similar name.

Chile's currency is the Chilean peso.

1. ↑ "Chilean Government". The Coat of Arms. Archived from the original on 2007-07-06. Retrieved 2009-06-20.
2. ↑ Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas (October 2006). "Compendio estadístico 2006" (PDF). Retrieved 29 November 2007.
3. ↑ "Surface water and surface water change". Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Retrieved 11 October 2020.
4. ↑ "RESULTADOS CENSO 2017" (PDF). RESULTADOS DEFINITIVOS CENSO 2017. National Statistics Institute. 1 January 2018. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 December 2017. Retrieved 18 January 2017.
5. ↑ ^{5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3} "Chile". World Economic Outlook Database, October 2021. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 23 February 2022.
6. ↑ "Inequality - Income inequality". OECD. Retrieved 25 July 2021.
7. ↑ "Human Development Report 2020" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 15 December 2020. Retrieved 15 December 2020.