Lebanon

Republic of Lebanon ٱلْجُمْهُورِيَّةُ ٱللُّبْنَانِيَّةُ (Arabic) al-Jumhūriyya al-Lubnāniyya République libanaise (French)
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem: كلّنا للوطن  (Arabic) Koullouna lilouataan lil oula lil alam English: All of us! For our Country!
Location of Lebanon (in green)
Capital and largest city	Beirut 33°54′N 35°32′E / 33.900°N 35.533°E / 33.900; 35.533
Official languages	Arabic[nb 1]
Recognised languages	French English
Local vernacular	Lebanese Arabic
Ethnic groups	95% Arab[nb 2] 4% Armenian 1% Other
Religion (Estimated[nb 4])	Islam ~28.7% Sunni[1] ~28.4% Shi'a ~0.6% Other (Alawite & Ismaili) Christianity ~22% Maronite Catholic[2] ~8% Greek Orthodox[3] ~5% Melkite Catholic[4] ~4% Armenian (Apostolic & Catholic) ~1% Minorities[5] (Jacobite, Syriac Catholic, ACOE, Chaldean, Latin Catholic, and Coptic) ~1% Evangelical[6] Druzism ~5.2% Druze[nb 3]
Demonym(s)	Lebanese
Government	Unitary confessionalist parliamentary republic[7]
• President	Michel Aoun
• Prime Minister	Najib Mikati
• Speaker of the Parliament	Nabih Berri
Legislature	Parliament
Establishment
• Greater Lebanon	1 September 1920
• Constitution	23 May 1926
• Independence declared	22 November 1943
• French mandate ended	24 October 1945
• Withdrawal of French forces	17 April 1946
• Israeli troops withdrawn	24 May 2000
• Syrian troops withdrawn	30 April 2005
Area
• Total	10,452 km2 (4,036 sq mi) (161st)
• Water (%)	1.8
Population
• 2021 estimate	5,592,631[8][9] (109th)
• Density	560/km2 (1,450.4/sq mi) (21st)
GDP (PPP)	2020 estimate
• Total	$91 billion[10]
• Per capita	$11,562[10] (66th)
GDP (nominal)	2020 estimate
• Total	$18 billion[10] (82nd)
• Per capita	$2,745[10]
Gini (2011)	31.8[11] medium
HDI (2019)	0.744[12] high · 92nd
Currency	Lebanese pound (LBP)
Time zone	UTC+2 (EET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+3 (EEST)
Driving side	right[13]
Calling code	+961[14]
ISO 3166 code	LB
Internet TLD	.lb

Lebanon is a country in the Middle East, in Western Asia, next to the Mediterranean Sea. It has borders with Israel to the south and Syria to the east and north. It also shares a maritime border with Cyprus to the northwest, away from the country's short distance.
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1. ↑ "Lebanon 2017 International Religious Freedom Report" (PDF). United States Department of State. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
2. ↑ "International Religious Freedom Report 2008: Lebanon". United States Department of State. 19 September 2008. Retrieved August 22, 2021.
3. ↑ "International Religious Freedom Report 2010: Lebanon". United States Department of State. Archived from the original on 23 November 2010. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
4. ↑ "International Religious Freedom Report for 2012: Lebanon". United States Department of State. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
5. ↑ Meguerditchian, Van (15 February 2013). "Minority sects demand greater representation in Parliament". The Daily Star Lebanon. Archived from the original on 5 August 2021. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
6. ↑ Haddad, Antoine (September 2006). "Evangelicals in Lebanon". Evangelical Times. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
7. ↑ "The Lebanese Constitution" (PDF). Presidency of Lebanon. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 January 2012. Retrieved 20 August 2011.
8. ↑ "World Population Prospects 2022". population.un.org. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
9. ↑ "World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" (XSLX). population.un.org ("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
10. ↑ ^{10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3} "Lebanon". International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 20 October 2019.
11. ↑ "Gini Index coefficient". CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
12. ↑ "Human Development Report 2019". United Nations Development Programme. 10 December 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 April 2020. Retrieved 10 December 2019.
13. ↑ "Driving in Lebanon". adcidl.com. Archived from the original on 17 January 2013. Retrieved 17 January 2013.
14. ↑ Cite error: The named reference cia was used but no text was provided for refs named (see the help page).