Ventilation is the introduction of fresh air, usually from the outside, into a space, while sending stale air back out. Fans and pumps, vent grates and air flow tunnels are common in these structures.
The simplest systems are called “natural ventilation,” which usually means that they get their air circulation through vents opening to the outside. Mechanical systems are more popular for industry (like in factories). Mechanical systems are able to regulate other things, including temperature, relative humidity, and oxygen levels.