Zionism

Zionism is a movement for the creation and development of a Jewish homeland in the Land of Israel, the ancestral homeland of the Jews^[1] based on self-determination.^[1][2] The modern movement started in 19th-century Europe as a reaction to the systemic antisemitism, particularly the persecution of Jews since the Roman times.^[3]

Zionism has had many different varieties that all shared the goal of creating a homeland for the Jewish People. The dominant variety at first was political Zionism, led by Theodor Herzl, but it later lost ground to the socialist Labor Zionism. Zionism resulted in the creation of the State of Israel, with David Ben-Gurion as the founder and first prime minister. The earliest Israeli citizens were mostly Holocaust survivors.^[1]

1. ↑ ^{1.0 1.1 1.2}
   • "Zionism". Britannica. October 17, 2024. Retrieved October 23, 2024.
   • Ram, Uri. "Zionist Historiography and the Invention of Modern Jewish Nationhood: The Case of Ben Zion Dinur". History and Memory. 7 (1: Israeli Historiography Revisited (Spring - Summer, 1995)). Indiana University Press: 91–124. JSTOR 25618681. Retrieved December 10, 2024.
   • Medoff, Rafael (1995). "Recent Trends in the Historiography of Zionism: A Review Essay". Modern Judaism. 15 (1). Oxford University Press: 95–101. JSTOR 1396338. Retrieved December 10, 2024.
   • Laqueur, Walter (August 22, 2003). The History of Zionism (1 ed.). Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 9780857713254. Retrieved December 10, 2024.
   • Halperin, Liora (2015). "Origins and evolution of Zionism" (PDF). Foreign Policy Research Institute. Retrieved December 10, 2024.
2. ↑
   • "Zionism". Anti-Defamation League. September 1, 2016. Retrieved October 23, 2024.
   • "Antisemitism defined: Why opposing the Jewish people's right to self-determination is antisemitic". World Jewish Congress. May 12, 2022. Retrieved October 23, 2024.
   • "An Open Letter to Anti-Zionists from a Veteran of the Left". Fathom Journal. 2022. Retrieved October 23, 2024.
   • Pinsker, L. (2023). "Zionism: An Introduction" (PDF). donmilligan.net. Retrieved December 10, 2024.
3. ↑ Lustick, Ian S. (2003). "Zionist Ideology and Its Discontents: A Research Note". Israel Studies Forum. 19 (1): 98–103. ISSN 1557-2455. JSTOR 41805179.