Kiburi

Kiburi (kutoka neno la Kiarabu; kwa Kiingereza: hubris^[1], hybris^[2] na pengine excessive pride^[3] pamoja na arrogance^[4]) ni hamu isiyoratibiwa ya kujipatia ukuu dhidi ya wengine^[5][6], pengine hata dhidi ya Mwenyezi Mungu^[7]. Kiburi ni hisia na fikra zilizopotoka kuhusu ukweli na uhalisia wa mambo^[8] .

Katika Biblia, shetani anatajwa kuwa na fikra za kuwa juu ya Mungu^[9]; hakika huo ni upotofu wa hali ya juu sana, kwa kuwa haiwezekani kwa namna yoyote kuwa zaidi ya Mungu hata kwa mfumbo wa jicho moja, na matokeo yake ni ya kutisha^[10][11]. Ni sawa na kusema mtoto amzae baba au mama yake. Haiwezekani chombo cha udongo kikawa na uwezo zaidi ya mfinyanzi kwa kuwa ni kizuri na kinavutia na kusifiwa na watu wengi, huku aliyekifinyanga hajulikani^[12]. Kitabu cha Isaya 29:16 kinasema, "Ninyi mnapindua mambo; Je! Mfinyanzi ahesabiwe kuwa kama udongo; kitu kilichofinyangwa kimnene yeye aliyekifinyanga, 'Hakuna mfinyanga huyu'; au kitu kilichoumbwa kimnene yeye aliyekiumba, 'Yeye hana ufahamu'?"

Katika Ukristo kiburi ndicho kilema kikuu cha roho ya shetani na binadamu aliyepotoka.

1. ↑ "Definition of HUBRIS". www.merriam-webster.com. Iliwekwa mnamo 2016-04-22.
2. ↑ "Hybris definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary".
3. ↑ "Hubris - Examples and Definition of Hubris in Literature". Literary Devices (kwa American English). 2020-12-01. Iliwekwa mnamo 2021-04-23.
4. ↑ Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary, p. 63, G. & C. Merriam Company (8th ed. 1976).
5. ↑ Picone, P. M., Dagnino, G. B., & Minà, A. (2014). ". The origin of failure: A multidisciplinary appraisal of the hubris hypothesis and proposed research agenda". The Academy of Management Perspectives. 28 (4): 447–68. doi:10.5465/amp.2012.0177.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
6. ↑ "What Makes the Arrogant Person So Arrogant?". Psychology Today (kwa Kiingereza). Iliwekwa mnamo 2020-04-16.
7. ↑ Stanley J. Grenz, Theology for the Community of God, Pub: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2000 - "The Greek word hubris, which occurs occasionally in the New Testament (e.g., Acts 27:10, 21; 2 Cor.12:10). parallels the Hebrew pasha. William Barclay offers a helpful definition of the term. Hubris, he writes, 'is mingled pride and cruelty. Hubris is the pride which makes a man defy God, and the arrogant contempt which makes him trample on the hearts of his fellow men.' [...] Hence, it is the forgetting of personal creatureliness and the attempt to be equal with God."
8. ↑ "What Makes the Arrogant Person So Arrogant?". Psychology Today (kwa Kiingereza). Iliwekwa mnamo 2020-04-16.
9. ↑ Lewis, C.S. (2001). Mere Christianity : a revised and amplified edition, with a new introduction, of the three books, Broadcast talks, Christian behaviour, and Beyond personality. San Francisco: Harper. ISBN 978-0-06-065292-0.
10. ↑ Meth 16:18
11. ↑ Andrew Fellows, 2019, Gaia, Psyche and Deep Ecology: Navigating Climate Change in the Anthropocene.
12. ↑ James Mwalubalile, Nguvu ya Kiburi (Dhambi Mama), 2021.