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Ahmad Shah Durrani

Ahmad Shah Durrani
احمد شاه دراني
Padishah
Ghazi
Shāh Durr-i-Durrān ("King, Pearl of Pearls")
Portrait of Ahmad Shah Durrani, c. 1757, Bibliothèque nationale de France
Afghan Emperor
ReignJuly 1747 – 4 June 1772
CoronationJuly 1747
PredecessorOffice established
(Nader Shah as the Shah of Iran)
SuccessorTimur Shah Durrani
WazirShah Wali Khan
BornAhmad Khan Abdali
1720—1722
Herat, Sadozai Sultanate of Herat (present-day Afghanistan) or
Multan, Multan Subah, Mughal Empire (present-day Pakistan)
Died (aged 49–52)
Maruf, Kandahar Province, Durrani Empire
(present-day Afghanistan)
BurialJune 1772
Tomb of Ahmad Shah Durrani, Kandahar, Afghanistan
31°37′10″N 65°42′25″E / 31.61944°N 65.70694°E / 31.61944; 65.70694
Spouse
(m. 1757)
(m. 1757)
Names
Ahmad Shah Abdali
DynastyHouse of Durrani
FatherMohammad Zaman Khan Abdali
MotherZarghona Anaa[1]
ReligionSunni Islam[a]
Royal seal
Military career
Allegiance Afsharid Empire
Durrani Empire
Service / branch Persian Army
Afghan Army
Years of service1738–1772
RankSipahi, Ispahsalar, Emir, Shah
Battles / wars

Ahmad Shāh Durrānī (Pashto: احمد شاه دراني; Persian: احمد شاه درانی), also known as Ahmad Shāh Abdālī (Pashto: احمد شاه ابدالي), was the first ruler and founder of the Durrani Empire. He is often regarded as the founder of modern Afghanistan.

Throughout his reign, Ahmad Shah fought over fifteen major military campaigns. Nine of them being centered in India, three in Khorasan, and three in Afghan Turkestan.[2] Having rarely lost a battle,[3] historians widely recognize Ahmad Shah as a brilliant military leader and tactician, typically being compared to rulers such as Mahmud of Ghazni, Babur, and as well as Nader Shah.[4][5] Historian Hari Ram Gupta refers to Ahmad Shah as the "greatest general of Asia of his time".[6]

  1. ^ "Afghan first lady in shadow of 1920s queen?". 1 October 2014. Archived from the original on 23 October 2019. Retrieved 4 June 2020 – via www.aljazeera.com.
  2. ^ Lee 2022, p. 118.
  3. ^ Dalrymple & Anand 2016, p. 67: "Few possessors of the Koh-I-Noor have led happy lives, and while Ahmad Shah rarely lost a battle, he was eventually defeated by a foe more intractable than any army..."
  4. ^ Lee 2022, p. 141.
  5. ^ K. Palat & Tabyshalieva 2003, p. 290: "Ahmad Shah Durrani was not only a visionary leader but also a talented military man."
  6. ^ Gupta 1978, p. 192: "The Afghans fought with equal valour and energy and displayed strategy under the leadership of the greatest general of Asia of his time..."


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