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Ahruf
| Quran |
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According to Islamic tradition, the Quran was revealed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad by the angel Gabriel (Jibrail). The seven reading variants (Arabic: أَحْرُف, romanized: aḥruf, singular: ḥarf), translated as "styles", "ways",[1] "forms" and "modes",[2] are said to have been taught by Michael.[3] Islamic scholars agree that the ahruf were styles used by the early Muslims to recite the Quran.[4]
The Islamic Caliph Uthman compiled the Quran using one of the ahruf during the 7th century, and the other ahruf fell out of use.[5] The ahruf are distinct from the qira'at, which are methods of pronouncing the Quran that also go back to Muhammad according to the Hadith.[6]
- ^ Khatib, Ammar; Khan, Nazir (23 August 2019). "The Origins of the Variant Readings of the Qur'an". Yaqeen Institute.
- ^ Abu Ameenah Bilal Philips, Tafseer Soorah Al-Hujuraat, 1990, Tawheed Publications, Riyadh, pp. 29–30.
- ^ Reynolds, G. S. (2009). Angels. In K. Fleet, G. Krämer, D. Matringe, J. Nawas and D. J. Stewart (eds.), Encyclopaedia of Islam Three Online. Brill. https://doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_23204
- ^ Dutton 2012, p. 21.
- ^ Abu Ameenah Bilal Philips, Tafseer Soorah Al-Hujuraat, 1990, Tawheed Publications, Riyadh, pp. 28-29.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
ri-28-29was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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