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Aqua Appia
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The Aqua Appia was the first Roman aqueduct[1]: 47 , and its construction was begun in 312 BC by the censor Appius Claudius Caecus[2][3]: 148 [4]: 338-9 [5]: 23 , who also built the important Via Appia. By the end of the 1st century BC it had fallen out of use as an aqueduct, and was used as a sewer instead[6]: 58 [7].
The springs feeding Via Appia were discovered by Appius' co-censor Gaius Plautius Venox, who received the cognomen Venox for the discovery[2][4]: 338-9 [5]: 23 . The aqueduct was named after Appius alone because Plautius resigned after serving 18 months as a censor[4]: 338-9 while Appius deceitfully kept his position until the aqueduct was completed[4]: 340-1 .
It's not certain how much water Aqua Appia fed to the city of Rome, but in the city records it is mentioned to have 841 quinariae -- 34,901 m3 (9,220,000 US gal) per 24 hours[4]: 388-9 [5]: 25 . However, measurements taken in the 1st century AD resulted with pipes being in total of 1,825 quinariae -- 73,000 m3 (19,000,000 US gal) per 24 hours[4]: 390-1 [1]: 273 . The water was fed to twenty local reservoirs from which it was further distributed to various districts of Rome[5]: 26 [1]: 293 .
In 2016, what is likely to be a 32 m (105 ft) section of the Aqua Appia was excavated 17–18 m (56–59 ft) beneath Piazza Celimontana[6]: 51 [7]. Parts of the excavated section were relocated for reconstruction elsewhere[7].
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