Aristocratic Republic (Peru)

This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (May 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Peruvian Republic República Peruana
1895–1919
Flag Coat of arms
Motto:  "Firme y feliz por la unión" (Spanish) "Firm and Happy for the Union"
Anthem:  "Himno Nacional del Perú" (Spanish) "National Anthem of Peru" March:  "Marcha Nacional Peruana" (Spanish) "National Peruvian March"
Peru before 1909 Peru after 1909
Capital	Lima
Common languages	Spanish
Religion	Roman Catholicism
Demonym(s)	Peruvian
Government	Unitary presidential republic under an oligarchy
President
• 1895–1899 (first)	Nicolás de Piérola
• 1915–1919 (last)	José Pardo y Barreda
Legislature	National Congress
Historical era	Belle Époque
• Piérola takes office	8 September 1895
• Loreto revolt	1896
• Salt Tax Revolt	1896–1897
• 1899 elections	1899
• 1903 elections	August 1903
• 1904 elections	9–12 August 1904
• 1908 elections	May 1908
• Unsuccessful coup	29 May 1909
• Manuripi conflict	1910
• 1912 elections	25–26 August 1912
• 1915 elections	16–17 May 1915
• Leguía coup	4 July 1919
• 1919 elections	18–19 May 1919
Currency	Libra de oro Sol (until 1898)
Preceded by Succeeded by Peru Peru

Part of a series on the
History of Peru
By chronology Pre-Columbian Peru 12000 BCE–1532 Ancient civilizations 3500 BCE–1470 Inca Empire 1438–1533/1572 Spanish conquest 1532–1572 Viceroyalty 1542–1824 War of Independence 1809–1826 Foundational Period 1821–1842 Protectorate of Peru 1821–1822 Supreme Governing Junta 1822–1823 Confederation and War 1836–1839 Restoration 1839–1841 Military Anarchy 1841–1845 Guano Era 1845–1866 Chincha Islands War 1865–1879 War of the Pacific 1879–1883 Peruvian Resistance 1881–1883 National Reconstruction 1884–1895 Aristocratic Republic 1895–1919 New Motherland 1919–1930 Ecuadorian–Peruvian War 1941 Odría Dictatorship 1948–1956 Moderate civil reform 1956–1968 Revolutionary Government 1968–1980 Return to democracy and terrorism 1980–2000 Internal conflict 1980–2000, 2002– Economic crisis 1980s Peruvian political crisis 2016–
By political entity History of the Inca Empire History of the Viceroyalty of Peru History of the Republic of Peru
By topic Demographic history Economic history Constitutional history Peruvian wars
See also Timeline Years in Peru Coups d'état
Peru portal
v t e

The name of Aristocratic Republic (Spanish: República Aristocrática) is given to the period following the 1895 election of Nicolás de Piérola as President of Peru. This period was characterised by the political dominance of an oligarchy dedicated to agro-exports, mining and finance, through the Civilista Party. The term was coined by historian Jorge Basadre. During this period, the so-called Second Civilism (Spanish: Segundo civilismo) took place, in contrast to that of 1872 to 1876.

The period begins with the rise to power of Nicolás de Piérola, which marks the beginning of a succession of democratically elected governments, until the coup of Augusto B. Leguía in 1919. The only interruption of this succession occurred in 1914 when, due to differences between the Civilista Party and Guillermo Billinghurst, General Óscar R. Benavides carries out a coup d'état to call general elections. It is the second longest period of democratic succession in the republican history of Peru.^[1]