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Arterial stiffness
| Arterial stiffness | |
|---|---|
| Biological system | arteries |
Arterial stiffness occurs as a consequence of biological aging, arteriosclerosis and genetic disorders, such as Marfan, Williams, and Ehlers-Danlos syndromes.[1] Inflammation plays a major role in arteriosclerosis and arterial stiffness.[2] Increased arterial stiffness is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction, hypertension, heart failure, and stroke.[3][4][5] The World Health Organization identified cardiovascular disease as the leading cause of death globally in 2019.[6]
Degenerative changes that occur with age in the walls of large elastic arteries are thought to contribute to increased stiffening over time, including the disruption of lamellar elastin structures within the wall, possibly due to repeated cycles of mechanical stress; inflammation;[7] changes in arterial collagen proteins, partially as a compensatory mechanism against the loss of arterial elastin and partially due to fibrosis; and crosslinking of adjacent collagen fibers by advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs).[8]
- ^ Laurent, Stéphane; Boutouyrie, Pierre; Lacolley, Patrick (June 2005). "Structural and Genetic Bases of Arterial Stiffness". Hypertension. 45 (6): 1050–1055. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.0000164580.39991.3d.
- ^ Mozos I, Malainer C, Horbańczuk J, Gug C, Stoian D, Luca CT, Atanasov AG. Inflammatory Markers for Arterial Stiffness in Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Immunol. 2017 Aug 31;8:1058. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01058.
- ^ Laurent S, Boutouyrie P, Asmar R, Gautier I, Laloux B, Guize L, et al. Aortic stiffness is an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in hypertensive patients. Hypertension 2001; 37:1236–1241.
- ^ Demir S, Akpınar O, Akkus O, Nas K, Unal I, Molnar F, et al. The prognostic value of arterial stiffness in systolic heart failure. Cardiol J 2013; 20:665–671.
- ^ Edgell H., Stickland M.K., Maclean J.E. A simplified measurement of pulse wave velocity is not inferior to standard measurement in young adults and children. Blood Press. Monit.. 2016;21(3):192-195. doi:10.1097/MBP.0000000000000183
- ^ "Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)". www.who.int. Retrieved 2024-12-30.
- ^ Halsey, Gregory; Sinha, Dipasha; Dhital, Saphala; Wang, Xiaoying; Vyavahare, Naren (2023-06-01). "Role of elastic fiber degradation in disease pathogenesis". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease. 1869 (5): 166706. doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166706. ISSN 0925-4439. PMC 11659964. PMID 37001705.
- ^ Dietz, J (2007). "Arterial stiffness and extracellular matrix". Atherosclerosis, Large Arteries and Cardiovascular Risk. Advances in Cardiology. Vol. 44. pp. 76–95. doi:10.1159/000096722. ISBN 978-3-8055-8176-9. PMID 17075200.
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