In the first (20–21 May), second (23–24 May) and third (10–11 June) battles of Vicenza of 1848, the city, which had given its allegiance to the Republic of San Marco, was attacked and conquered by the Austrian Empire. This took place during the First Italian War of Independence amidst the revolutions of 1848. The city was defended by Giovanni Durando with volunteer troops and a contingent of the Swiss Guard from the Papal State. The attackers were under the personal command of Marshal Joseph Radetzky.