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Byzantine text-type
In the textual criticism of the New Testament, the Byzantine text-type (also called Traditional Text, Ecclesiastical Text, Constantinopolitan Text, Antiocheian Text, or Syrian Text) is one of the main text types. The New Testament text of the Eastern Orthodox Church, and the Patriarchal Text, are based on this text-type. Similarly, the Aramaic Peshitta which often conforms to the Byzantine text is used as the standard version in the Syriac tradition, including the Syriac Orthodox Church and the Chaldean church.[1][2][3]
It is the form found in the largest number of surviving manuscripts of the Greek New Testament. Consequently, the Majority Text methodology, which prefers the readings that are most common or which are found in the great preponderance of manuscripts, generates a text that is Byzantine text (in turn leading to the Byzantine priority rule-of-thumb.) Whilst varying in around 1,800 places from printed editions,[4] the Byzantine text-type also underlies the Textus Receptus Greek text used for most Reformation-era (Protestant) translations of the New Testament into vernacular languages.[5]
The Byzantine text is also found in a few modern Eastern Orthodox editions, as the Byzantine textual tradition has continued in the Eastern Orthodox Church into the present time. The text used by the Orthodox Church is supported by late minuscule manuscripts. It is commonly accepted as the standard Byzantine text.[6] There are also some textual critics such as Robinson and Hodges who still favor the Byzantine Text, and have produced Byzantine-majority critical editions of the Greek New Testament.[7] This view was famously defended by John Burgon.[8]
Modern translations (since 1900) mainly use eclectic editions that conform more often to the Alexandrian text-type, which has been viewed as the most accurate text-type by most scholars,[9] although some modern translations that use the Byzantine text-type have been created.[10]
- ^ Introduction To Bibliology: What Every Christian Should Know About the Origins, Composition, Inspiration, Interpretation, Canonicity, and Transmission of the Bible
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
earlyvers-ntwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Pickering, Wilbur N. (2012). Identity of the New Testament Text III. Wipf & Stock Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4982-6349-8.
- ^ Wallace, Daniel B. (1994). "The Majority Text Theory: History, Methods, and Critique". Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society. 37 (2): 194 fn. 59.
- ^ "The Majority Text and the Original Text: Are They Identical? | Bible.org". bible.org. Retrieved 2023-12-24.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
goj-byzwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
maurice-majwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Heuer, Mark (1995). "AN EVALUATION OF JOHN W. BURGON'S USE OF PATRISTIC EVIDENCE" (PDF). The Evangelical Theological Society.
- ^ Andrews, Edward D. (2019-02-02). INTRODUCTION TO THE TEXT OF THE NEW TESTAMENT: From The Authors and Scribe to the Modern Critical Text. Christian Publishing House. ISBN 978-1-949586-78-7.
- ^ "Translations". ByzantineText.com. Retrieved 2024-01-07.
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