Congregational mosque

A congregational mosque or Friday mosque (Arabic: مَسْجِد جَامِع, masjid jāmi‘, or simply: جَامِع, jāmi‘; Turkish: Cami), or sometimes great mosque or grand mosque (Arabic: جامع كبير, jāmi‘ kabir; Turkish: Ulu Cami), is a mosque for hosting the Friday noon prayers known as jumu'ah.^[3] It can also host the Eid prayers in situations when there is no musalla or eidgah available nearby to host the prayers. In early Islamic history, the number of congregational mosques in one city was strictly limited. As cities and populations grew over time, it became more common for many mosques to host Friday prayers in the same area.^[4]^[5]

^ Hugh Godfrey; Maturin Williamson; Robert G. Hoyland (2018). The Oxford Illustrated History of the Holy Land (Hardcover). Oxford University Press. p. 340. ISBN 9780198724391. Retrieved 24 April 2024.
^ Rosie Bsheer (2020). Archive Wars The Politics of History in Saudi Arabia. Stanford University Press. ISBN 9781503612587. Retrieved 24 April 2024. masjid al- haram jami` masajid Makkah ? " [ Does praying anywhere in Mecca
^
See:
- M. Bloom, Jonathan; S. Blair, Sheila, eds. (2009). "Mosque". The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture. Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. pp. 548–549. ISBN 9780195309911. Islam requires no physical structure for valid prayer, which may be performed anywhere, and a minimal masjid ("place of prostration") may consist only of lines marked on the ground, but a building constructed especially for the purpose is preferred, in particular for congregational prayer at Friday noon, the principal weekly service. Such a building may be called a masjid or a jāmi (Turk. cami), from masjid al-jāmi῾ (Pers. masjid-i jāmi῾; Urdu jāmi῾ masjid), meaning "congregational mosque." This term is often rendered in English as "great mosque," or "Friday mosque," a translation of masjid-i juma῾, a Persian variant.
- Uurlu, A. Hilâl; Yalman, Suzan (2020). "Introduction". The Friday Mosque in the City: Liminality, Ritual, and Politics. Intellect Books. ISBN 978-1-78938-304-1. The English term 'mosque' derives from the Arabic masjid, a term designating a place of prostration, whereas the term jami', which is translated variously as Friday mosque, great mosque or congregational mosque, originates from the Arabic term jama', meaning to gather.
- Bearman, Peri (2014). "Masjid Jāmiʿ". In Emad El-Din, Shahin (ed.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Politics. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199739356. The Friday prayer (ṣalāt al-jumʿa), which is mandatory for every adult male Muslim (Shiite Islam makes an exception if no Imam is present), came to be conducted in a large, congregational mosque, known as the masjid jāmiʿ (< Ar. jamaʿa "to assemble"), or Friday mosque. In the early Islamic period, only one Friday mosque in a community was permitted, since the address to the congregation was to be conducted by the ruler of that community. With the growth of the Muslim population, however, this became increasingly untenable.
- Canby, Sheila R.; Beyazit, Deniz; Rugiadi, Martina; Peacock, A. C. S. (2016-04-27). "Glossary". Court and Cosmos: The Great Age of the Seljuqs. Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 978-1-58839-589-4. masjid-i jami (Turkish, Ulu Cami) Congregational mosque where the male Muslim community performs the Friday prayer, during which the khutba is pronounced; also known as a Great Mosque or a Friday Mosque.
- Petersen, Andrew (1996). "jami or jami masjid". Dictionary of Islamic architecture. Routledge. p. 131. ISBN 9781134613663. A congregational mosque which can be used by all the community for Friday prayers.
- Esposito, John L., ed. (2009). "Mosque". The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195305135. Jāmiʿ is a designation for the congregational mosque dedicated to Friday communal prayer; in modern times it is used interchangeably with masjid.
- Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). "Friday prayer". Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three. Brill. ISSN 1873-9830. All schools but the Ḥanbalīs require that Friday prayers be held in a physical edifice; the Ḥanbalīs hold that they can be performed in a tent or in the open country. The schools of law differ on the number of participants required to constitute a valid congregation for Friday prayers: the Shāfiʿīs and Ḥanbalīs require forty, the Mālikīs twelve, and the Ḥanafīs only two or three praying behind the imām (in each case, counting only persons obligated to perform the prayer). Such limitations had significant practical repercussions, as when the Ḥanafī authorities of Bukhārā prevented the performance of Friday congregational prayers at a congregational mosque (jāmiʿ) erected in a substantial community in the region in the fifth/eleventh century and ultimately razed the building (Wheatley, 235). Shāfiʿīs further required that Friday prayers be held at only one place in each settlement. Until the fourth/tenth century, the number of Friday mosques (designated congregational mosques with a pulpit) was severely limited, even in major metropolitan centres; in later centuries, Friday mosques proliferated to accommodate the needs of urban populations (Wheatley, 234–5).
- Ettinghausen, Richard; Grabar, Oleg; Jenkins, Marilyn (2001). Islamic Art and Architecture: 650–1250 (2nd ed.). Yale University Press. p. 20. ISBN 9780300088670. They were thus not only religious buildings but also the main social and political centres, as implied by the construct al-masjid al-jami῾, usually translated as congregational mosque.
- Hattstein, Markus; Delius, Peter, eds. (2011). "Glossary". Islam: Art and Architecture. h.f.ullmann. p. 610. ISBN 9783848003808. Mosque (Ar.: masjid, Turk.: cami, Engl.: "place of prostration") The general term masjid refers to mosques that could be used every day. The particularly important Friday (or congregational) mosques, where the communal Friday worship is held, are called masjid-i jami or -i juma.
^ Bearman, Peri (2014). "Masjid Jāmiʿ". In Emad El-Din, Shahin (ed.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Politics. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199739356. The Friday prayer (ṣalāt al-jumʿa), which is mandatory for every adult male Muslim (Shiite Islam makes an exception if no Imam is present), came to be conducted in a large, congregational mosque, known as the masjid jāmiʿ (< Ar. jamaʿa "to assemble"), or Friday mosque. In the early Islamic period, only one Friday mosque in a community was permitted, since the address to the congregation was to be conducted by the ruler of that community. With the growth of the Muslim population, however, this became increasingly untenable.
^ Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). "Friday prayer". Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three. Brill. ISSN 1873-9830. All schools but the Ḥanbalīs require that Friday prayers be held in a physical edifice; the Ḥanbalīs hold that they can be performed in a tent or in the open country. The schools of law differ on the number of participants required to constitute a valid congregation for Friday prayers: the Shāfiʿīs and Ḥanbalīs require forty, the Mālikīs twelve, and the Ḥanafīs only two or three praying behind the imām (in each case, counting only persons obligated to perform the prayer). Such limitations had significant practical repercussions, as when the Ḥanafī authorities of Bukhārā prevented the performance of Friday congregational prayers at a congregational mosque (jāmiʿ) erected in a substantial community in the region in the fifth/eleventh century and ultimately razed the building (Wheatley, 235). Shāfiʿīs further required that Friday prayers be held at only one place in each settlement. Until the fourth/tenth century, the number of Friday mosques (designated congregational mosques with a pulpit) was severely limited, even in major metropolitan centres; in later centuries, Friday mosques proliferated to accommodate the needs of urban populations (Wheatley, 234–5).

[The_Oxford_Illustrated_History_of_the_Holy_Land-1] Hugh Godfrey; Maturin Williamson; Robert G. Hoyland (2018). The Oxford Illustrated History of the Holy Land (Hardcover). Oxford University Press. p. 340. ISBN 9780198724391. Retrieved 24 April 2024.

[2] Rosie Bsheer (2020). Archive Wars The Politics of History in Saudi Arabia. Stanford University Press. ISBN 9781503612587. Retrieved 24 April 2024. masjid al- haram jami` masajid Makkah ? " [ Does praying anywhere in Mecca

[:2-3] See:
M. Bloom, Jonathan; S. Blair, Sheila, eds. (2009). "Mosque". The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture. Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. pp. 548–549. ISBN 9780195309911. Islam requires no physical structure for valid prayer, which may be performed anywhere, and a minimal masjid ("place of prostration") may consist only of lines marked on the ground, but a building constructed especially for the purpose is preferred, in particular for congregational prayer at Friday noon, the principal weekly service. Such a building may be called a masjid or a jāmi (Turk. cami), from masjid al-jāmi῾ (Pers. masjid-i jāmi῾; Urdu jāmi῾ masjid), meaning "congregational mosque." This term is often rendered in English as "great mosque," or "Friday mosque," a translation of masjid-i juma῾, a Persian variant.

Uurlu, A. Hilâl; Yalman, Suzan (2020). "Introduction". The Friday Mosque in the City: Liminality, Ritual, and Politics. Intellect Books. ISBN 978-1-78938-304-1. The English term 'mosque' derives from the Arabic masjid, a term designating a place of prostration, whereas the term jami', which is translated variously as Friday mosque, great mosque or congregational mosque, originates from the Arabic term jama', meaning to gather.

Bearman, Peri (2014). "Masjid Jāmiʿ". In Emad El-Din, Shahin (ed.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Politics. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199739356. The Friday prayer (ṣalāt al-jumʿa), which is mandatory for every adult male Muslim (Shiite Islam makes an exception if no Imam is present), came to be conducted in a large, congregational mosque, known as the masjid jāmiʿ (< Ar. jamaʿa "to assemble"), or Friday mosque. In the early Islamic period, only one Friday mosque in a community was permitted, since the address to the congregation was to be conducted by the ruler of that community. With the growth of the Muslim population, however, this became increasingly untenable.

Canby, Sheila R.; Beyazit, Deniz; Rugiadi, Martina; Peacock, A. C. S. (2016-04-27). "Glossary". Court and Cosmos: The Great Age of the Seljuqs. Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 978-1-58839-589-4. masjid-i jami (Turkish, Ulu Cami) Congregational mosque where the male Muslim community performs the Friday prayer, during which the khutba is pronounced; also known as a Great Mosque or a Friday Mosque.

Petersen, Andrew (1996). "jami or jami masjid". Dictionary of Islamic architecture. Routledge. p. 131. ISBN 9781134613663. A congregational mosque which can be used by all the community for Friday prayers.

Esposito, John L., ed. (2009). "Mosque". The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195305135. Jāmiʿ is a designation for the congregational mosque dedicated to Friday communal prayer; in modern times it is used interchangeably with masjid.

Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). "Friday prayer". Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three. Brill. ISSN 1873-9830. All schools but the Ḥanbalīs require that Friday prayers be held in a physical edifice; the Ḥanbalīs hold that they can be performed in a tent or in the open country. The schools of law differ on the number of participants required to constitute a valid congregation for Friday prayers: the Shāfiʿīs and Ḥanbalīs require forty, the Mālikīs twelve, and the Ḥanafīs only two or three praying behind the imām (in each case, counting only persons obligated to perform the prayer). Such limitations had significant practical repercussions, as when the Ḥanafī authorities of Bukhārā prevented the performance of Friday congregational prayers at a congregational mosque (jāmiʿ) erected in a substantial community in the region in the fifth/eleventh century and ultimately razed the building (Wheatley, 235). Shāfiʿīs further required that Friday prayers be held at only one place in each settlement. Until the fourth/tenth century, the number of Friday mosques (designated congregational mosques with a pulpit) was severely limited, even in major metropolitan centres; in later centuries, Friday mosques proliferated to accommodate the needs of urban populations (Wheatley, 234–5).

Ettinghausen, Richard; Grabar, Oleg; Jenkins, Marilyn (2001). Islamic Art and Architecture: 650–1250 (2nd ed.). Yale University Press. p. 20. ISBN 9780300088670. They were thus not only religious buildings but also the main social and political centres, as implied by the construct al-masjid al-jami῾, usually translated as congregational mosque.

Hattstein, Markus; Delius, Peter, eds. (2011). "Glossary". Islam: Art and Architecture. h.f.ullmann. p. 610. ISBN 9783848003808. Mosque (Ar.: masjid, Turk.: cami, Engl.: "place of prostration") The general term masjid refers to mosques that could be used every day. The particularly important Friday (or congregational) mosques, where the communal Friday worship is held, are called masjid-i jami or -i juma.

[4] M. Bloom, Jonathan; S. Blair, Sheila, eds. (2009). "Mosque". The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture. Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. pp. 548–549. ISBN 9780195309911. Islam requires no physical structure for valid prayer, which may be performed anywhere, and a minimal masjid ("place of prostration") may consist only of lines marked on the ground, but a building constructed especially for the purpose is preferred, in particular for congregational prayer at Friday noon, the principal weekly service. Such a building may be called a masjid or a jāmi (Turk. cami), from masjid al-jāmi῾ (Pers. masjid-i jāmi῾; Urdu jāmi῾ masjid), meaning "congregational mosque." This term is often rendered in English as "great mosque," or "Friday mosque," a translation of masjid-i juma῾, a Persian variant.

[5] Uurlu, A. Hilâl; Yalman, Suzan (2020). "Introduction". The Friday Mosque in the City: Liminality, Ritual, and Politics. Intellect Books. ISBN 978-1-78938-304-1. The English term 'mosque' derives from the Arabic masjid, a term designating a place of prostration, whereas the term jami', which is translated variously as Friday mosque, great mosque or congregational mosque, originates from the Arabic term jama', meaning to gather.

[6] Bearman, Peri (2014). "Masjid Jāmiʿ". In Emad El-Din, Shahin (ed.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Politics. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199739356. The Friday prayer (ṣalāt al-jumʿa), which is mandatory for every adult male Muslim (Shiite Islam makes an exception if no Imam is present), came to be conducted in a large, congregational mosque, known as the masjid jāmiʿ (< Ar. jamaʿa "to assemble"), or Friday mosque. In the early Islamic period, only one Friday mosque in a community was permitted, since the address to the congregation was to be conducted by the ruler of that community. With the growth of the Muslim population, however, this became increasingly untenable.

[7] Canby, Sheila R.; Beyazit, Deniz; Rugiadi, Martina; Peacock, A. C. S. (2016-04-27). "Glossary". Court and Cosmos: The Great Age of the Seljuqs. Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 978-1-58839-589-4. masjid-i jami (Turkish, Ulu Cami) Congregational mosque where the male Muslim community performs the Friday prayer, during which the khutba is pronounced; also known as a Great Mosque or a Friday Mosque.

[8] Petersen, Andrew (1996). "jami or jami masjid". Dictionary of Islamic architecture. Routledge. p. 131. ISBN 9781134613663. A congregational mosque which can be used by all the community for Friday prayers.

[9] Esposito, John L., ed. (2009). "Mosque". The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195305135. Jāmiʿ is a designation for the congregational mosque dedicated to Friday communal prayer; in modern times it is used interchangeably with masjid.

[10] Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). "Friday prayer". Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three. Brill. ISSN 1873-9830. All schools but the Ḥanbalīs require that Friday prayers be held in a physical edifice; the Ḥanbalīs hold that they can be performed in a tent or in the open country. The schools of law differ on the number of participants required to constitute a valid congregation for Friday prayers: the Shāfiʿīs and Ḥanbalīs require forty, the Mālikīs twelve, and the Ḥanafīs only two or three praying behind the imām (in each case, counting only persons obligated to perform the prayer). Such limitations had significant practical repercussions, as when the Ḥanafī authorities of Bukhārā prevented the performance of Friday congregational prayers at a congregational mosque (jāmiʿ) erected in a substantial community in the region in the fifth/eleventh century and ultimately razed the building (Wheatley, 235). Shāfiʿīs further required that Friday prayers be held at only one place in each settlement. Until the fourth/tenth century, the number of Friday mosques (designated congregational mosques with a pulpit) was severely limited, even in major metropolitan centres; in later centuries, Friday mosques proliferated to accommodate the needs of urban populations (Wheatley, 234–5).

[11] Ettinghausen, Richard; Grabar, Oleg; Jenkins, Marilyn (2001). Islamic Art and Architecture: 650–1250 (2nd ed.). Yale University Press. p. 20. ISBN 9780300088670. They were thus not only religious buildings but also the main social and political centres, as implied by the construct al-masjid al-jami῾, usually translated as congregational mosque.

[12] Hattstein, Markus; Delius, Peter, eds. (2011). "Glossary". Islam: Art and Architecture. h.f.ullmann. p. 610. ISBN 9783848003808. Mosque (Ar.: masjid, Turk.: cami, Engl.: "place of prostration") The general term masjid refers to mosques that could be used every day. The particularly important Friday (or congregational) mosques, where the communal Friday worship is held, are called masjid-i jami or -i juma.

[:0-4] Bearman, Peri (2014). "Masjid Jāmiʿ". In Emad El-Din, Shahin (ed.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Politics. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199739356. The Friday prayer (ṣalāt al-jumʿa), which is mandatory for every adult male Muslim (Shiite Islam makes an exception if no Imam is present), came to be conducted in a large, congregational mosque, known as the masjid jāmiʿ (< Ar. jamaʿa "to assemble"), or Friday mosque. In the early Islamic period, only one Friday mosque in a community was permitted, since the address to the congregation was to be conducted by the ruler of that community. With the growth of the Muslim population, however, this became increasingly untenable.

[:0522-5] Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). "Friday prayer". Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three. Brill. ISSN 1873-9830. All schools but the Ḥanbalīs require that Friday prayers be held in a physical edifice; the Ḥanbalīs hold that they can be performed in a tent or in the open country. The schools of law differ on the number of participants required to constitute a valid congregation for Friday prayers: the Shāfiʿīs and Ḥanbalīs require forty, the Mālikīs twelve, and the Ḥanafīs only two or three praying behind the imām (in each case, counting only persons obligated to perform the prayer). Such limitations had significant practical repercussions, as when the Ḥanafī authorities of Bukhārā prevented the performance of Friday congregational prayers at a congregational mosque (jāmiʿ) erected in a substantial community in the region in the fifth/eleventh century and ultimately razed the building (Wheatley, 235). Shāfiʿīs further required that Friday prayers be held at only one place in each settlement. Until the fourth/tenth century, the number of Friday mosques (designated congregational mosques with a pulpit) was severely limited, even in major metropolitan centres; in later centuries, Friday mosques proliferated to accommodate the needs of urban populations (Wheatley, 234–5).

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Congregational mosque

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