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Disgust
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Disgust (Middle French: desgouster, from Latin gustus, 'taste') is an emotional response of rejection or revulsion to something potentially contagious[1] or something considered offensive, distasteful or unpleasant. In The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals, Charles Darwin wrote that disgust is a sensation that refers to something revolting. Disgust is experienced primarily in relation to the sense of taste (either perceived or imagined), and secondarily to anything which causes a similar feeling by sense of smell, touch, or vision. Musically sensitive people may even be disgusted by the cacophony of inharmonious sounds. Research has continually proven a relationship between disgust and anxiety disorders such as arachnophobia, blood-injection-injury type phobias, and contamination fear related obsessive–compulsive disorder (also known as OCD).[2][3]
Disgust is one of the basic emotions of Robert Plutchik's theory of emotions, and has been studied extensively by Paul Rozin.[4] It invokes a characteristic facial expression, one of Paul Ekman's six universal facial expressions of emotion. Unlike the emotions of fear, anger, and sadness, disgust is associated with a decrease in heart rate (for body-envelope violations) [5][6] and proto-nausea of the stomach (for bodily effluvia).[7]
- ^ Badour, Christal L.; Feldner, Matthew T. (July 2018). "The Role of Disgust in Posttraumatic Stress". Journal of Experimental Psychopathology. 9 (3): pr.032813. doi:10.5127/pr.032813.
- ^ Husted, D.S.; Shapira, N.A.; Goodman, W.K. (2006). "The neurocircuitry of obsessive–compulsive disorder and disgust". Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry. 30 (3): 389–399. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2005.11.024. PMID 16443315. S2CID 20685000.
- ^ Cisler, Josh M.; Olatunji, Bunmi O.; Lohr, Jeffrey M.; Williams, Nathan L. (June 2009). "Attentional bias differences between fear and disgust: Implications for the role of disgust in disgust-related anxiety disorders". Cognition & Emotion. 23 (4): 675–687. doi:10.1080/02699930802051599. PMC 2892866. PMID 20589224.
- ^ Young, Molly (27 December 2021). "How Disgust Explains Everything". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 31 December 2021.
- ^ Rozin, Paul; Haidt, Jonathan; McCauley, Clark (2018). "Disgust". In Barrett, Lisa Feldman; Lewis, Michael; Haviland-Jones, Jeannette M. (eds.). Handbook of Emotions. Guilford Publications. pp. 815–834. ISBN 978-1-4625-3636-8.
- ^ Shenhav, Amitai; Mendes, Wendy Berry (April 2014). "Aiming for the stomach and hitting the heart: Dissociable triggers and sources for disgust reactions". Emotion. 14 (2): 301–309. doi:10.1037/a0034644. ISSN 1931-1516. PMC 4050063. PMID 24219399.
- ^ Alladin, Sameer N. B.; Judson, Ruth; Whittaker, Poppy; Attwood, Angela S.; Dalmaijer, Edwin S. (2024-05-01). "Review of the gastric physiology of disgust: Proto-nausea as an under-explored facet of the gut–brain axis". Brain and Neuroscience Advances. 8: 23982128241305890. doi:10.1177/23982128241305890. ISSN 2398-2128. PMC 11662309. PMID 39711753.
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