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Friedrich List
Friedrich List | |
|---|---|
 Lithography of List by Josef Kriehuber, 1845 | |
| Born | Daniel Friedrich List 6 August 1789 |
| Died | 30 November 1846 (aged 57) |
| Nationality | German |
| Academic career | |
| Field | Economics |
| School or tradition | Historical School |
| Influences | Jean-Antoine Chaptal · Alexander Hamilton · Daniel Raymond · Adolphe Thiers |
| Contributions | National innovation system Historical school of economics |
| Signature | |
 | |
Daniel Friedrich List (6 August 1789 – 30 November 1846) was a German entrepreneur, diplomat, economist and political theorist who developed the nationalist theory of political economy in both Europe and the United States.[1][2][3][4] He was a forefather of the German historical school of economics and argued for the Zollverein (a pan-German customs union) from a nationalist standpoint.[5] He advocated raising tariffs on imported goods while supporting free trade of domestic goods and stated the cost of a tariff should be seen as an investment in a nation's future productivity.[4] His theories and writing also influenced the American school of economics.
List was a political liberal[6] who collaborated with Karl von Rotteck and Carl Theodor Welcker on the Rotteck-Welckersches Staatslexikon, an encyclopedia of political science that advocated constitutional liberalism and which influenced the Vormärz.[7] At the time in Europe, liberal and nationalist ideas were almost inseparably linked, and political liberalism was not yet attached to what was later considered "economic liberalism."[6][8] Emmanuel Todd considers List a forerunner to John Maynard Keynes as a theorist of "moderate or regulated capitalism."[9]
- ^ Freeman 1995.
- ^ Helleiner 2020.
- ^ Helleiner 2021.
- ^ a b Friedrich List at the Encyclopædia Britannica
- ^ Tribe 2007, p. 36.
- ^ a b Hagemann & Wendler 2018, pp. 58–62.
- ^ Wendler 2014, pp. 12, 135–137.
- ^ Walther, Rudolf (1984). "Economic Liberalism". Economy and Society. 13 (2): 178–207. doi:10.1080/03085148300000019.
- ^ Wendler 2014, p. 220.
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