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Hadal zone
| Aquatic layers |
|---|
| Stratification |
| See also |
The hadal zone, also known as the hadopelagic zone, is the deepest region of the ocean, lying within oceanic trenches. The hadal zone ranges from around 6 to 11 km (3.7 to 6.8 mi; 20,000 to 36,000 ft) below sea level, and exists in long, narrow, topographic V-shaped depressions.[1][2]
The cumulative area occupied by the 46 individual hadal habitats worldwide is less than 0.25% of the world's seafloor, yet trenches account for over 40% of the ocean's depth range.[3] Most hadal habitat is found in the Pacific Ocean, the deepest of the conventional oceanic divisions.[3]
- ^ Jamieson, Alan J.; Malkocs, Tamas; Piertney, Stuart B.; Fujii, Toyonobu; Zhang, Zulin (13 February 2017). "Bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants in the deepest ocean fauna" (PDF). Nature Ecology & Evolution. 1 (3): 0051. Bibcode:2017NatEE...1...51J. doi:10.1038/s41559-016-0051. hdl:2164/9142. PMID 28812719. S2CID 9192602. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 October 2017.
- ^ Jamieson, Alan (5 March 2016). "Hadal zone: Ten things you never knew about the ocean's deepest places". International Business Times. Archived from the original on 2 June 2019.
- ^ a b Jamieson, Alan (29 April 2014). "All About Trenches". Hadal Ecosystem Studies. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Archived from the original on 20 August 2019.
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