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Indian plate
| Indian plate | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Type | Minor |
| Approximate area | 11,900,000 km2 (4,600,000 sq mi)[1] |
| Movement1 | North-east |
| Speed1 | 26–36 mm/a (1.0–1.4 in/year)[citation needed] |
| Features | Indian subcontinent, Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea, Himalayas |
| 1Relative to the African plate | |
The Indian plate (or India plate) is a minor tectonic plate straddling the equator in the Eastern Hemisphere. Originally a part of the ancient continent of Gondwana, the Indian plate broke away from the other fragments of Gondwana 100 million years ago and began moving north, carrying Insular India with it.[2] It was once fused with the adjacent Australian plate to form a single Indo-Australian plate; recent studies suggest that India and Australia have been separate plates for at least 3 million years.[3] The Indian plate includes most of modern South Asia (the Indian subcontinent) and a portion of the basin under the Indian Ocean, including parts of South China, western Indonesia,[4][5] and extending up to but not including Ladakh, Kohistan, and Balochistan in Pakistan.[6][7][8]
- ^ "Sizes of Tectonic or Lithospheric Plates". Geology.about.com. 2014-03-05. Archived from the original on 2016-06-05. Retrieved 2016-01-13.
- ^ Oskin, Becky (2013-07-05). "New Look at Gondwana's Breakup". Livescience.com. Retrieved 2016-01-13.
- ^ Stein, Seth; Sella, Giovanni F.; Okai, Emile A. (2002). "The January 26, 2001 Bhuj Earthquake and the Diffuse Western Boundary of the Indian Plate". Plate Boundary Zones (PDF). Geodynamics Series. American Geophysical Union. pp. 243–254. doi:10.1029/GD030p0243. ISBN 9781118670446. Retrieved 2015-12-25.
- ^ Sinvhal, Understanding Earthquake Disasters, p. 52, Tata McGraw-Hill Education, 2010, ISBN 978-0-07-014456-9
- ^ Kumar, M. Ravi; Bhatia, S. C. (1999). "A new seismic hazard map for the Indian plate region under the global seismic hazard assessment programme". Current Science. 77 (3): 447. JSTOR 24102967.
- ^ M. Asif Khan, Tectonics of the Nanga Parbat syntaxis and the Western Himalaya, p. 375, Geological Society of London, 2000, ISBN 978-1-86239-061-4
- ^ Srikrishna Prapnnachari, Concepts in Frame Design, page 152, Srikrishna Prapnnachari, ISBN 978-99929-52-21-4
- ^ A.M. Celâl Şengör (1989). Tectonic evolution of the Tethyan Region, Springer ISBN 978-0-7923-0067-0
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