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Indonesian nationalism
 | It has been suggested that Indonesian National Awakening be merged into this article. (Discuss) Proposed since December 2024. |
 | This article's lead section contains information that is not included elsewhere in the article. (September 2022) |
Indonesian nationalism is an ideology that arose during the Dutch colonial era in the Dutch East Indies which called for the colony's independence and unification as an independent and sovereign nation. This period of nationalist development under colonial rule is often called the Indonesian National Awakening. After Indonesia declared independence in 1945 and was recognized as independent of the Netherlands following the 1949 Indonesian National Revolution, Indonesian nationalism persisted as a set of ideologies supporting the continued independence and development of the newly formed country.
Indonesian nationalism primarily emerged in urban areas where it subsequently diffused to rural areas.[1] Indonesian nationalism has been described as emerging in the early 20th century, with the establishment of Budi Utomo in 1908.[2] Prince Diponegoro has been considered a forerunner to the Indonesian nationalist movement, owing to his opposition to Dutch colonial rule in the 19th century.[3]
As Indonesia is multiethnic, Indonesian nationalism does not consist of advocacy for a single ethnic group. Indonesian nationalism takes diverse forms[4] and has at times manifested as civic nationalism, religious nationalism,[5][6][7] and left-wing nationalism. Some of those forms are exemplified in Indonesia's national motto Bhinneka Tunggal Ika which means "Unity in Diversity" in Old Javanese, in the country's foundational ideology of Pancasila, or in contemporary laws which guarantee ethnic and religious diversity.[8]
- ^ Van Der Kroef, Justus M. (1952). "Society and Culture in Indonesian Nationalism". American Journal of Sociology. 58 (1): 11–24. doi:10.1086/221068. ISSN 0002-9602. JSTOR 2771789.
- ^ Kartodirdjo, Sartono (1962). "Some Problems on the Genesis of Nationalism in Indonesia". Journal of Southeast Asian History. 3 (1): 67–94. doi:10.1017/S0217781100000569. ISSN 0217-7811. JSTOR 20067368.
- ^ van der Kroef, Justus M. (1949). "Prince Diponegoro: Progenitor of Indonesian Nationalism". The Far Eastern Quarterly. 8 (4): 424–450. doi:10.2307/2049542. ISSN 0363-6917. JSTOR 2049542.
- ^ van der Kroef, Justus M. (1972). "Indonesian Nationalism Reconsidered". Pacific Affairs. 45 (1): 42–59. doi:10.2307/2755260. ISSN 0030-851X. JSTOR 2755260.
- ^ "Muslim Berperan Besar dalam Kemerdekaan RI". Republika. 23 February 2016. Archived from the original on 28 May 2023. Retrieved 5 June 2021.
- ^ Justus M. Van Der Kroef (1958). "The Role of Islam in Indonesian Nationalism and Politics". Western Political Quarterly. 11: 33–54. doi:10.1177/106591295801100103. S2CID 220986442. Archived from the original on 28 May 2023. Retrieved 5 June 2021.
- ^ Vandenbosch, Amry (1952). "Nationalism and Religion in Indonesia". Far Eastern Survey. 21 (18): 181–185. doi:10.2307/3023866. JSTOR 3023866. Archived from the original on 28 May 2023. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
- ^ "Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2006 or Law No.12/2006" (PDF). 2006. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-04-07. Retrieved 2021-05-28.
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