JNR Class D51

JNR Class D51 Soviet Railways D51 Taiwan Railways DT650 Manila Railroad 300 class (1951) KNR Mika7 (미카7)
JR East's D51 498 on the Jōetsu Line in December 2010
Type and origin Power type Steam Designer Hideo Shima Builder Kawasaki Heavy Industries Rolling Stock Company Kisha Seizo Hitachi Nippon Sharyo Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Build date 1936-1951 Total produced 1115 (Japan) 37 (Taiwan) 10 (Philippines) 2 (Korea) 30 (Soviet Union)
Specifications Configuration: ​  • Whyte 2-8-2 Gauge 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) (KNR Mika7) Length 19,730 mm (64 ft 8+3⁄4 in) Loco weight 76.8 t (75.6 long tons; 84.7 short tons)[1] Total weight 123.0 t (121.1 long tons; 135.6 short tons) Fuel type Coal Valve gear Walschaerts Valve type Piston valve Loco brake Air Train brakes Air
Performance figures Maximum speed 85 km/h (55 mph) Tractive effort 184.3 kN (41,400 lbf)
Career Numbers JNR : D51 1-D954, D51 1001-1161 (Japan) TRA : DT651-687 (Taiwan) Soviet Railways : D51-1-D51-30 (Soviet Union) KNR : 1701-1702 (Korea) Manila Railroad : 300-309 (Philippines) Retired 1956 (Philippines) 1965 (Korea) 1975 (Japan) 1979 (Soviet Union) 1983 (Taiwan) Disposition 174 preserved, five operational, 6 converted into JNR Class D61 (Japan) Two preserved (Russia) Four preserved (Taiwan)

The Class D51 (D51形) is a type of 2-8-2 steam locomotive operated by the Japanese Government Railways (JGR) and later by the Japanese National Railways (JNR). Designed by JGR's cheaf mechanical engineer Hideo Shima, they were built by Kawasaki Heavy Industries Rolling Stock Company, Kisha Seizo, Hitachi, Nippon Sharyo, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and JGR's factories from 1936 to 1945.

Although surpassed in speed, power, and size by other locomotives, it is recognised as the most mass-manufactured locomotive in Japanese rail history. A total of 174 units are preserved in Japan, including five operational examples. An additional 13 are preserved in Russia and Taiwan, bringing the total number of preserved units to 187.