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Law and order (politics)
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In modern politics, "law and order" is an ideological approach focusing on harsher enforcement and penalties as ways to reduce crime.[1] Penalties for perpetrators of disorder may include longer terms of imprisonment, mandatory sentencing, three-strikes laws and even capital punishment in some countries. Supporters of "law and order" argue that harsh punishment is the most effective means of crime prevention.[citation needed] Opponents argue that a system of harsh criminal punishment is ultimately ineffective because it self-perpetuates crime and does not address underlying or systemic causes of crime.[citation needed] They furthermore credit it with facilitating greater militarisation of police and contributing to mass incarceration in the United States.[2][3]
Despite the widespread popularity of "law and order" ideas and approaches between the 1960s to the 1980s exemplified by presidential candidates including Richard Nixon and Ronald Reagan running successfully on a "tough-on-crime" platform, statistics on crime showed a significant increase of crime throughout the 1970s and 1980s instead, and crime rates only began declining from the 1990s onwards. To differing extents, crime has also been a prominent issue in Canadian, British, Australian, South African, French, German, and New Zealand politics.
- ^ Campbell, Michael C. (2011). "Politics, Prisons, and Law Enforcement: An Examination of the Emergence of "Law and Order" Politics in Texas: Politics, Prisons, and Law Enforcement". Law & Society Review. 45 (3): 631–665. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5893.2011.00446.x.
- ^ Lepore, Jill. "The Invention of the Police". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on July 17, 2020. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
- ^ Hinton, Elizabeth (May 9, 2016). From the War on Poverty to the War on Crime: the Making of Mass Incarceration in America. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-96922-3. OCLC 984643598.
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