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Mikhail Mishaqa
Mikhail Mishaqa | |
|---|---|
 Mikhail Mishaqa was appointed the first United States Vice Consul for Damascus, 1859 | |
| Born | March 20, 1800 |
| Died | July 19, 1888 |
| Known for | Diplomat, physician, historian, musical theorist, businessman, first vice-consul of USA in Damascus in 1859-1870 |
Mikhail Mishaqa or Michael Mishaka[1] (March 20, 1800 – July 19, 1888; Arabic: ميخائيل مشاقة), also known as Doctor Mishaqa, was born in Rashmayyā, Lebanon, and is reputed to be "the first historian of modern Ottoman Syria"[2] as well as the "virtual founder of the twenty-four equal quarter tone scale".[3] Mishaqa's memoir of the 1860 Mount Lebanon civil war is valuable to historians, as it is the only account written by a survivor[4] of the massacre of Syrian Christians in Damascus, Syria. In 1859 he was appointed vice-consul of the United States in Damascus.[5]
- ^ Also transliterated as Mīkhāʾīl Mishāqā, Mikhāʾīl Mishāqah, Mīḫā’īl Mišāqa, Mīḫāyīl Mišāqa, Mikha'il Mishaqah, Miha’İl Mishaqa, Mikhail Meshaka, Mikhail Meshaqa, Mīkhā’īl Mushāqa, Mikhāʾīl Mushāka, Mīkhāʾil Mashāqah, Mīkhāʾīl Mashāka.
- ^ Zachs (2001).
- ^ Maalouf (2003).
- ^ Keenan, Brigid (2001). Damascus Hidden Treasures of the Old City (First ed.). New York: Thames & Hudson. pp. 162. ISBN 0-500-28299-4.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
University of California Presswas invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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