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Mikhaylovka culture
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The Mykhailivka Culture, Mikhaylovka culture, Lower Mykhaylivka culture (3600—3000 BCE)[1][2] is a Copper Age archaeological culture which flourished on the Pontic steppe from 3600 BC to 3000 BC.
Lower Mikhaylovka culture is named after an early Yamna site of the late copper age of the lower Dnieper River, noted for its fortifications.[1][2]
Lower Mykhalivka culture is named after lower archaeological layer of the site near Mykhaylivka village of Kherson Oblast.
Mikhaylovka I (3600-3400 BCE)[2] had connections to the west,[2] and is related to the Kemi Oba culture (3700-2200 BCE) at the Bug-Dniepr area and the Crimea, and seems to have had connections to the Maykop culture (3700-3000 BCE).[1]
Mikhaylovka II (3400-3000 BCE)[2] had connections to the east, as reflected by its Repin-style pottery.[2] Mikhaylovka II is divided into a lower (3400-3300 BCE) and an upper level (3300-3000 BCE).[2] Mikhaylovka II shows a shift from farming to cattle herding, typical for the Yamna horizon.[3]
The Mikhaylovka archaeological site was extensively studied by three expeditions of the Institute of Archaeology, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, led by E.F. Lagodovskaya and O.G. Shaposhnikova, between 1952 and 1963.[4]
The lower horizon of the middle layer of the Mikhaylovka archaeological site is dated to 3646-3348 calBCE, while the upper horizon is dated to 3371-3026 calBCE. A tooth specimen from the lower horizon of the middle layer dated to 3635-3383 calBCE has been genetically identified as the earliest specimen of the Core Yamnaya ancestry in the North Pontic.[5]
- ^ a b c Mallory 1997.
- ^ a b c d e f g Anthony 2007, p. 320.
- ^ Anthony 2007, p. 320-321.
- ^ Korobkova, G. F., Shaposhnikova, O. G. (2005). Poselenie Mikhailovka: Etalonnyj Pamyatnik Drevneyamnoj Kultury. Evropejskij Dom.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Nikitin, Alexey G.; Lazaridis, Iosif; Patterson, Nick; Ivanova, Svitlana; Videiko, Mykhailo; Dergachev, Valentin; Kotova, Nadiia; Lillie, Malcolm; Potekhina, Inna (18 April 2024), A genomic history of the North Pontic Region from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age, bioRxiv, doi:10.1101/2024.04.17.589600, retrieved 26 January 2025
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