Mining in Zambia produces several minerals and is a critical part of the country's economy. Copper comprises 70% of Zambia's total export earnings, and the country produces about 20% of the world's emeralds.[1] Mineral resources are distributed throughout the country.[2] Zambia produced 763,287 metric tons of copper in 2022.
Mining was originally clustered in centers of mining operations along the Copperbelt, like Konkola and Kitwe.[2] In the last two decades, following the issuance of mining and exploration licences by the Zambia Environmental Management Agency (ZEMA) operational large commercial mines have stretched to the Central, North-Western and Southern Provinces.[3] The sector is expected to see and even more significant boost with the more accommodating taxation regime introduced in 2022[4] and the flow-on effect of the implementation of the cooperating agreement signed between Zambia and Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) for the electric vehicle battery supply chain that will require abundant battery metals and battery precursors.[5][6]
In October 2022, the Zambian Ministry of Mines and Minerals Development gave 90-days amnesty to all illegal miners to legalise operations.[7][8] It also setup and opened a Cadastre Department and announced that the issuance of mining licenses will be restricted to five per applicant.[8][7][9]