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Mode (electromagnetism)
The mode of electromagnetic systems describes the field pattern of the propagating waves.[1]: 369
Some of the classifications of electromagnetic modes include;
- Modes in waveguides and transmission lines. These modes are analogous to the normal modes of vibration in mechanical systems.[2]: A.4
- Transverse modes, modes that have at least one of the electric field and magnetic field entirely in a transverse direction.[3]: 52
- Transverse electromagnetic mode (TEM), as with a free space plane wave, both the electric field and magnetic field are entirely transverse.
- Transverse electric (TE) modes, only the electric field is entirely transverse. Also notated as H modes to indicate there is a longitudinal magnetic component.
- Transverse magnetic (TM) modes, only the magnetic field is entirely transverse. Also notated as E modes to indicate there is a longitudinal electric component.
- Hybrid electromagnetic (HEM) modes, both the electric and magnetic fields have a component in the longitudinal direction. They can be analysed as a linear superposition of the corresponding TE and TM modes.[4]: 550
- HE modes, hybrid modes in which the TE component dominates.
- EH modes, hybrid modes in which the TM component dominates.
- Longitudinal-section modes[5]: 294
- Longitudinal-section electric (LSE) modes, hybrid modes in which the electric field in one of the transverse directions is zero
- Longitudinal-section magnetic (LSM) modes, hybrid modes in which the magnetic field in one of the transverse directions is zero
- The term eigenmode is used both as a synonym for mode[2]: 5.4.3 and as the eigenfunctions in a eigenmode expansion analysis of waveguides.[6]
- Similarly natural modes arise in the singular expansion method of waveguide analysis and characteristic modes arise in characteristic mode analysis.[6]
- Transverse modes, modes that have at least one of the electric field and magnetic field entirely in a transverse direction.[3]: 52
- Modes in other structures
- Bloch modes, modes of Bloch waves; these occur in periodically repeating structures.[7]: 291
Mode names are sometimes prefixed with quasi-, meaning that the mode is not quite pure. For instance, quasi-TEM mode has a small component of longitudinal field.[8]: 123
- ^ Jackson, John David (1975). Classical electrodynamics (2d ed.). New York: Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-43132-9.
- ^ a b Rothwell, Edward J.; Cloud, Michael J. (2001). Electromagnetics. Electrical engineering textbook series. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-1397-4.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
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ZhangLi2008was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Huang, Shaode; Pan, Jin; Luo, Yuyue (2018). "Study on the Relationships between Eigenmodes, Natural Modes, and Characteristic Modes of Perfectly Electric Conducting Bodies". International Journal of Antennas and Propagation. 2018: 1–13. doi:10.1155/2018/8735635. hdl:10453/132538. ISSN 1687-5869.
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