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New Culture Movement
| New Culture Movement |
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| New Culture Movement | |||||||||||
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| Traditional Chinese | 新文化運動 | ||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 新文化运动 | ||||||||||
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| This article is part of a series on |
| Liberalism in China |
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The New Culture Movement was a progressive sociopolitical movement in China during the 1910s and 1920s. Participants criticized many aspects of traditional Chinese society, in favor of new formulations of Chinese culture informed by modern ideals of mass political participation.[1][2][3] Arising out of disillusionment with traditional Chinese culture following the failure of the Republic of China to address China's problems,[4] it featured scholars such as Chen Duxiu, Cai Yuanpei, Chen Hengzhe, Li Dazhao, Lu Xun, Zhou Zuoren, He Dong, Qian Xuantong, Liu Bannong, Bing Xin, and Hu Shih, many classically educated, who led a revolt against Confucianism. The movement was launched by the writers of New Youth magazine, where these intellectuals promoted a new society based on unconstrained individuals rather than the traditional Confucian system.[5] In 1917, Mr. Hu Shih put forward the famous “Eight Principle”, that is, abandon the ancient traditional writing method and use vernacular.[6]
The New Culture Movement was the progenitor of the May Fourth Movement.[7] On 4 May 1919, students in Beijing aligned with the movement protested the transfer of German rights over Jiaozhou Bay to Imperial Japan rather than China at the Paris Peace Conference (the meeting setting the terms of peace at the conclusion of World War I), transforming what had been a cultural movement into a political one.[8]
- ^ Furth 1983, pp. 322–405.
- ^ Weiping 2017, pp. 175–187.
- ^ "Before and After the May Fourth Movement". Asia For Educators. Columbia University. Archived from the original on June 29, 2020. Retrieved July 17, 2020.
- ^ Spence, Jonathan, The Search for Modern China, W. W. Norton, 1999, pp. 290–313.
- ^ Hon, Tze-ki (March 28, 2014). "The Chinese Path to Modernisation". International Journal for History, Culture and Modernity. 2 (3): 211–228. doi:10.18352/hcm.470. ISSN 2666-6529.
- ^ Hummel, Arthur W. (November 1930). "The New-Culture Movement in China". The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 152 (1): 55–62. doi:10.1177/000271623015200108. ISSN 0002-7162. S2CID 145281041.
- ^ Zhitian, Luo (October 2, 2019). "Wholeness and individuality: Revisiting the New Culture Movement, as symbolized by May Fourth". Chinese Studies in History. 52 (3–4): 188–208. doi:10.1080/00094633.2019.1654802. ISSN 0009-4633. S2CID 211429408.
- ^ Nishi, Masayuki (October 2007). "March 1 and May 4, 1919 in Korea, China and Japan: Toward an international History of East Asian Independence Movements". The Asia Pacific Journal: Japan Focus. Retrieved July 14, 2010.
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