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Patanjali
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Patanjali (Sanskrit: पतञ्जलि, IAST: Patañjali, Sanskrit pronunciation: [pɐtɐɲdʑɐli]; also called Gonardiya or Gonikaputra)[a] was the name of one or more author(s), mystic(s) and philosopher(s) in ancient India. His name is recorded as an author and compiler of a number of Sanskrit works.[3] The greatest of these are the Yoga Sutras, a classical yoga text. Estimates based on analysis of this work suggests that its author(s) may have lived between the 2nd century BCE and the 5th century CE.[3]
An author of the same name is credited with the authorship of the classic text on Sanskrit grammar named Mahābhāṣya, that is firmly datable to the 2nd century BCE, and authorship of medical texts possibly dating from 8th-10th centuries CE.[4][5] The two works, Mahābhāṣya and Yoga Sutras, are completely different in subject matter, and Indologist Louis Renou has shown that there are significant differences in language, grammar and vocabulary.[6] Before the time of Bhoja (11th century), no known text conflates the identity of the two authors.[4]
There has been speculation as to whether the sage Patañjali is the author of all the works attributed to him, as there are a number of known historical authors of the same name. A great deal of scholarship has been devoted over the 20th century to the issue of the historicity or identity of this author or these authors.[7] The view that these were likely different authors is now generally accepted by Western scholars, but "glorification" of Patanjali as singular author of the yoga, grammar, and medical texts "has become an oft-repeated article of faith" "in more traditional circles" and yoga culture.[5]
Patanjali is regarded as an avatar of Adi Sesha.[8]
- ^ Monier Williams (1899). A Sanskrit–English Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
- ^ Mahamahopadhyaya Kashinath Vasudev Abhyankar (1961). A Dictionary of Sanskrit Grammar. Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda.
- ^ a b "Patanjali | Hindu author, mystic, and philosopher | Britannica". britannica.com. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
HIMLwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
Whitewas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Renouwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Raghavan, V.; et al. (1968). New Catalogus Catalogorum. Vol. 11. Madras: University of Madras. pp. 89–90. lists ten separate authors by the name of "Patañjali".
- ^ David Frawley (2014). Vedic Yoga:The Path of the Rishi. Lotus Press. p. 147. ISBN 978-0-940676-25-1.
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