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The Republic of South Africa is a country located at the southern tip of the African continent. It borders the countries of Namibia , Botswana , Zimbabwe , Mozambique , and Eswatini , and entirely surrounds Lesotho .
South Africa has the largest population of people of European descent in Africa, one of the largest Indian population outside of Asia , as well as the largest Coloured (of mixed European, Asian and African descent) community in Africa, making it one of the most ethnically diverse countries on the continent. Racial and ethnic strife between the black majority and the white minority have played a large part in the country's history and politics . The National Party began introducing the policy of apartheid after winning the general election of 1948 ; however, it was the same party under the leadership of F.W. de Klerk who started to dismantle it in 1990 after a long struggle by the black majority, as well as many white, coloured and Indian South Africans.
The country is one of the few in Africa never to have had a coup d'état , and regular free and fair elections have been held since 1994 , making it a regional power and among the most stable and liberal democracies in Africa.
South Africa is ranked as an upper-middle income economy by the World Bank . It has the second largest economy in Africa after Nigeria , and the 34th-largest in the world. By purchasing power parity , South Africa has the 7th highest per capita income in Africa. Although being the second largest economy, South Africa has the most sophisticated economy in the continent, with modern infrastructure common throughout the country. The country is considered to be a newly industrialized country according to the World Bank classifications.
Apartheid ( ə-PART -(h)yte , especially South African English : ə-PART -(h)ayt , Afrikaans : [aˈpart(ɦ)əit] ⓘ ; transl. "separateness" , lit. ' aparthood ' ) was a system of institutionalised racial segregation that existed in South Africa and South West Africa (now Namibia ) from 1948 to the early 1990s. It was characterised by an authoritarian political culture based on baasskap (lit. 'boss-ship' or 'boss-hood'), which ensured that South Africa was dominated politically, socially, and economically by the nation's minority white population . Under this minoritarian system, white citizens held the highest status, followed by Indians , Coloureds and black Africans , in that order. The economic legacy and social effects of apartheid continue to the present day, particularly inequality .
Broadly speaking, apartheid was delineated into petty apartheid , which entailed the segregation of public facilities and social events, and grand apartheid , which strictly separated housing and employment opportunities by race. The first apartheid law was the Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act, 1949 , followed closely by the Immorality Amendment Act of 1950, which made it illegal for most South African citizens to marry or pursue sexual relationships across racial lines . The Population Registration Act, 1950 classified all South Africans into one of four racial groups based on appearance, known ancestry, socioeconomic status, and cultural lifestyle: "Black", "White", "Coloured", and "Indian", the last two of which included several sub-classifications. Places of residence were determined by racial classification. Between 1960 and 1983, 3.5 million black Africans were removed from their homes and forced into segregated neighbourhoods as a result of apartheid legislation, in some of the largest mass evictions in modern history. Most of these targeted removals were intended to restrict the black population to ten designated "tribal homelands", also known as bantustans , four of which became nominally independent states. The government announced that relocated persons would lose their South African citizenship as they were absorbed into the bantustans. (Full article... )
...that although Pretoria is considered to be the capital of South Africa , the country actually has three capitals: Pretoria (executive), Cape Town (legislative), and Bloemfontein (judicial).
...that South Africa entirely surrounds another country - Lesotho , an independent constitutional monarchy.
...that Approximately 900 bird species are found in South Africa alone, which represents 10% of the worlds total bird species.
Johan Anthoniszoon "Jan" van Riebeeck (21 April 1619,
Culemborg ,
Gelderland – 18 January 1677) was a
Dutch colonial administrator and founder of
Cape Town . Van Riebeeck was Commander of the Cape from 1652 to 1662; he was charged with building a fort, with improving the natural anchorage at Table Bay, planting cereals, fruit and vegetables and obtaining livestock from the indigenous
Khoi people. In the
Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden in Cape Town there is a
Wild Almond hedge still surviving, that was planted on his orders as a protective barrier around the Dutch settlement. The initial fort, named
Fort de Goede Hoop ('Fort of Good Hope') was made of mud, clay and timber, and had four corners or bastions. This fort was replaced by the
Castle of Good Hope , built between 1666 and 1679 after van Riebeeck had left the Cape.
If there are dreams about a beautiful South Africa, there are also roads that lead to their goal. Two of these roads could be named Goodness and Forgiveness.
Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park
The following are images from various South Africa-related articles on Wikipedia.
Image 2 Indian indentured labourers arriving in Durban (from
History of South Africa )
Image 3 Groot Constantia , the oldest
wine estate in South Africa, was founded in 1685 by
Simon van der Stel . The
South African wine industry (New World wine) is among the lasting legacy of the
VOC era . The recorded
economic history of South Africa began with the VOC period. (from
History of South Africa )
Image 5 Flag of the South African Republic , often referred to as the
Vierkleur (meaning four-coloured) (from
History of South Africa )
Image 6 Replica of an
East Indiaman of the
Dutch East India Company /
United East Indies Company (VOC). The Dutch East India Company was a major force behind the (c. 1590s–1720s) and
Netherlandish cartography (c. 1570s–1670s). (from
History of South Africa )
Image 7 An account of the first
trekboers (from
History of South Africa )
Image 9 Daniel François Malan , National Party leader from 1934 to 1953 (from
History of South Africa )
Image 10 Shaka Zulu in traditional
Zulu military garb (from
History of South Africa )
Image 11 The rise of the Zulu Empire
under Shaka forced other chiefdoms and clans to flee across a wide area of southern Africa. Clans fleeing the Zulu war zone
included the
Soshangane ,
Zwangendaba ,
Ndebele ,
Hlubi ,
Ngwane , and the
Mfengu . Some clans were caught between the Zulu Empire and advancing
Voortrekkers and
British Empire such as the
Xhosa . (from
History of South Africa )
Image 12 Cecil John Rhodes, co-founder of De Beers Consolidated Mines at Kimberley (from
History of South Africa )
Image 13 Meat on a traditional South African
braai (from
Culture of South Africa )
Image 14 The
Castle of Good Hope (
Kasteel de Goede Hoop in Dutch), Cape Town. Founded officially in 1652,
Kaapstad /Cape Town is the oldest
urban area in South Africa. (from
History of South Africa )
Image 15 Boer
Voortrekkers depicted in an early artist's rendition (from
History of South Africa )
Image 16 Johannesburg before gold mining transformed it into a bustling modern city (from
History of South Africa )
Image 17 Nicolaas Waterboer, Griqualand ruler, 1852–1896 (from
History of South Africa )
Image 18 Harry Smith (from
History of South Africa )
Image 20 Simon's Town harbour and naval base in South Africa were used by the Allies during World War II. (from
History of South Africa )
Image 21 Map of the black homelands in South Africa at the end of apartheid in 1994 (from
History of South Africa )
Image 22 Children of different ethnic groups ride a bus in Cape Town, 1994 (from
History of South Africa )
Image 23 "For use by white persons" – sign from the apartheid era (from
History of South Africa )
Image 24 Gateway to the
Castle of Good Hope , the oldest building in South Africa (from
Culture of South Africa )
Image 25 The
statue of
Jan van Riebeeck , the founder of
Cape Town , in Heerengracht Street. (from
History of South Africa )
Image 26 King
Cetshwayo (ca. 1875) (from
History of South Africa )
Image 27 Regional geography during the period of the Anglo–Boer wars:
South African Republic /Transvaal
Orange Free State British
Cape Colony Natal Colony (from
History of South Africa )
Image 30 Jan van Riebeeck , first Commander of the Dutch East India Company colony (from
History of South Africa )
Image 31 Oracles of the Pink Universe by Simphiwe Ndzube, 2021 (from
Culture of South Africa )
Image 32 Painting of the Sharpeville massacre of March 1960 (from
History of South Africa )
Image 33 Looking out over the floodplains of the Luvuvhu River (right) and the Limpopo River (far distance and left) (from
History of South Africa )
Image 34 Church on
Greenmarket Square in Cape Town, South Africa with a banner memorialising the Marikana massacre (from
History of South Africa )
Image 35 Generals Smuts (right) and Botha were members of the British
Imperial War Cabinet during World War I. (from
History of South Africa )
Image 36 Frederik W. de Klerk and
Nelson Mandela , two of the driving forces in ending apartheid (from
History of South Africa )
Image 37 Emily Hobhouse campaigned against the appalling conditions of the
British concentration camps in South Africa, thus influencing British public opinion against the war. (from
History of South Africa )
Image 39 The
British Empire is red on the map, at its territorial zenith in the late 1910s and early 1920s. (
India highlighted in purple.) South Africa, bottom centre, lies between both halves of the Empire. (from
History of South Africa )
Image 40 King Moshoeshoe with his advisors (from
History of South Africa )
Image 41 An array of traditional South African cuisine (from
Culture of South Africa )
Image 42 View of
Table Bay with ships of the Dutch East India Company (VOC), c. 1683. (from
History of South Africa )
Image 43 Statue of Bartolomeu Dias at the High Commission of South Africa in London. He was the first European navigator to sail around the southernmost tip of Africa. (from
History of South Africa )
Image 44 Union Buildings , government administrative centre, Pretoria,
c. 1925 (from
History of South Africa )
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