Revisionist Zionism

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Revisionist Zionism is a form of Zionism characterized by territorial maximalism. Revisionist Zionism promoted expansionism and the establishment of a Jewish majority on both sides of the Jordan River.^[1] Developed by Ze'ev Jabotinsky in the 1920s, this ideology advocated a "revision" of the "practical Zionism" of David Ben-Gurion and Chaim Weizmann which was focused on the settling of Eretz Yisrael (Land of Israel) by independent individuals. Differing from other types of Zionism, Revisionists insisted upon the Jewish right to sovereignty over the whole of Eretz Yisrael, including Mandatory Palestine and Transjordan. It was the main ideological opponent to the dominant socialist Labor Zionism.^[2] Revisionist Zionism has strongly influenced modern right-wing Israeli parties, principally Herut and its successor Likud.

In 1935, after the Zionist Executive rejected Jabotinsky's political program, Jabotinsky resigned from the World Zionist Organization and founded the New Zionist Organization (NZO), known in Hebrew as Tzakh. Its aim was to conduct independent political activity for free immigration and the establishment of a Jewish State.^[3] In its early years under Jabotinsky's leadership, Revisionist Zionism was focused on gaining support from Britain for settlement. From the early 1930s, Jabotinsky believed that the United Kingdom could no longer be trusted to advance the Zionist cause, leading to a short-lived alliance with Italy.^[4][5]

Revisionist Zionism had its own paramilitary group, led by Jabotinsky until his death in 1940, called the Irgun. Both the Irgun and the Stern Gang, which emerged from it, were responsible for several attacks against the British to try to expel them from Palestine.^[6] After the White Paper of 1939 severely limited Jewish immigration to Palestine, just as the Nazis were gaining power, the Irgun and Lehi initiated campaigns against the British.

After the founding of Israel, control of the East Bank became increasingly less important in the ideology of Revisionist Zionism. Following the 1967 Six-Day War, when Israel occupied the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, Revisionism's territorial aspirations concentrated on these territories instead.^[7][8] By the 1970s, the legitimacy of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan was no longer questioned and in 1994, an overwhelming majority of Likud Knesset Members (MKs) voted for the Israel–Jordan Treaty of Peace.^[9]