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Sexual slavery
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Sexual slavery and sexual exploitation is an attachment of any ownership right over one or more people with the intent of coercing or otherwise forcing them to engage in sexual activities.[1][2] This includes forced labor that results in sexual activity, forced marriage and sex trafficking, such as the sexual trafficking of children.[1]
Sexual slavery has taken various forms throughout history, including single-owner bondage and ritual servitude linked to religious practices in regions such as Ghana, Togo, and Benin.[3] Moreover, slavery's reach extends beyond explicit sexual exploitation. Instances of non-consensual sexual activity are interwoven with systems designed for primarily non-sexual purposes, as witnessed in the colonization of the Americas. This epoch, characterized by encounters between European explorers and Indigenous peoples, saw Forced labour for economic gains and was also marred by the widespread prevalence of non-consensual sexual activities.
In unraveling the intricate layers of this historical narrative, Gilberto Freyre's seminal work 'Casa-Grande e Senzala' casts a discerning light on the complex social dynamics that emerged from the amalgamation of European, Indigenous, and African cultures in the Brazilian context.
In some cultures, Concubinage has been a traditional form of sexual slavery, in which women spent their lives in sexual servitude, notably Concubinage in Islam. In some cultures, enslaved concubines and their children had distinct rights and legitimate social positions.
The Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action calls for an international effort to make people aware of sexual slavery and that sexual slavery is an abuse of human rights.[4] The incidence of sexual slavery by country has been studied and tabulated by UNESCO, with the cooperation of various international agencies.[5]
- ^ a b Jones, Jackie; Grear, Anna; Fenton, Rachel Anne; Stevenson, Kim (2011). Gender, Sexualities and Law. Routledge. p. 203. ISBN 978-1136829239. Retrieved 28 October 2017.
- ^ Malekian, Farhad; Nordlöf, Kerstin (2014). Prohibition of Sexual Exploitation of Children Constituting Obligation Erga Omnes. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 211. ISBN 978-1443868532. Retrieved 28 October 2017.
- ^ Bilyeu, Amy Small (2 January 1999). "Trokosi - The Practice of Sexual Slavery in Ghana: Religious and Cultural Freedom vs. Human Rights". Indiana International & Comparative Law Review. 9 (2): 457–504. doi:10.18060/17469. ISSN 2169-3226.
- ^ "Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action". OHCHR. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
- ^ "Worldwide Trafficking Estimates by Organizations" 2004, UNESCO Trafficking Project Archived 21 November 2011 at the Wayback Machine. unescobkk.org.
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