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Subaqueous volcano
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A subaqueous volcano is a volcano formed from the eruption or flow of magma that occurs under water (as opposed to a subaerial volcanic eruption).[1] Subaqueous volcanic eruptions are significantly more abundant than subaerial eruptions and are estimated to be responsible for 85% of global volcanism by volume.[2]
Subaqueous volcanoes can be classified into three types:
- Submarine volcanoes (comprising shallow-sea and deep-sea sub-types)
- Subglacial volcanoes
- Lacustrine volcanoes
Deep-sea submarine volcanoes form underwater mountains called seamounts. Many thousands of volcanic seamounts are scattered across the floors of the oceans. Other subaqueous volcanoes can be in the form of gently sloping tuff cones, although they can have steeper slopes, such as White Horse Bluff in the Wells Gray-Clearwater volcanic field of east-central British Columbia, Canada.[3]
- ^ Earle, Steven (September 23, 2019). "Chapter 4 Volcanism". Physical Geology (2nd ed.). BCcampus. ISBN 978-1-77420-028-5.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ White, James D.L.; Smellie, John L.; Clague, David A. (2003), White, James D. L.; Smellie, John L.; Clague, David A. (eds.), "Introduction: A deductive outline and topical overview of subaqueous explosive volcanism", Geophysical Monograph Series, 140, Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union: 1–23, Bibcode:2003GMS...140....1W, doi:10.1029/140gm01, ISBN 978-0-87590-999-8, retrieved July 5, 2024
- ^ "Catalogue of Canadian volcanoes - Wells Gray - Clearwater volcano field". Archived from the original on October 8, 2006.
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