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Type-II superconductor

Superconductive behavior under varying magnetic field and temperature. The graph shows magnetic flux B as a function of absolute temperature T. Critical magnetic flux densities BC1 and BC2 and the critical temperature TC are labeled. In the lower region of this graph, both type-I and type-II superconductors display the Meissner effect (a). A mixed state (b), in which some field lines are captured in magnetic field vortices, occurs only in Type-II superconductors within a limited region of the graph. Beyond this region, the superconductive property breaks down, and the material behaves as a normal conductor (c).
Quantum vortices in a 200-nm-thick YBCO film imaged by scanning SQUID microscopy[1]

In superconductivity, a type-II superconductor is a superconductor that exhibits an intermediate phase of mixed ordinary and superconducting properties at intermediate temperature and fields above the superconducting phases. It also features the formation of magnetic field vortices with an applied external magnetic field. This occurs above a certain critical field strength Hc1. The vortex density increases with increasing field strength. At a higher critical field Hc2, superconductivity is destroyed. Type-II superconductors do not exhibit a complete Meissner effect.[2]

  1. ^ Wells, Frederick S.; Pan, Alexey V.; Wang, X. Renshaw; Fedoseev, Sergey A.; Hilgenkamp, Hans (2015). "Analysis of low-field isotropic vortex glass containing vortex groups in YBa2Cu3O7−x thin films visualized by scanning SQUID microscopy". Scientific Reports. 5: 8677. arXiv:1807.06746. Bibcode:2015NatSR...5.8677W. doi:10.1038/srep08677. PMC 4345321. PMID 25728772.
  2. ^ Tinkham, M. (1996). Introduction to Superconductivity, Second Edition. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0486435032.

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موصل فائق من النوع الثاني Arabic Superconductors de tipus II Catalan Superconductor de tipo II Spanish ابررسانایی نوع ۲ FA Supraconducteur de type II French Superconduttività del II tipo Italian Сверхпроводники II рода Russian ตัวนำยวดยิ่งชนิดที่ 2 Thai II. tip süperiletkenler Turkish Надпровідники II роду Ukrainian

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