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Zamilon virophage
| Mimivirus-dependent virus Zamilon | |
|---|---|
| |
| Two Zamilon virophages (inset) to scale with their associated giant virus Megavirus [1] | |
Virus classification 
| |
| (unranked): | Virus |
| Realm: | Varidnaviria |
| Kingdom: | Bamfordvirae |
| Phylum: | Preplasmiviricota |
| Class: | Maveriviricetes |
| Order: | Priklausovirales |
| Family: | Lavidaviridae |
| Genus: | Sputnikvirus |
| Species: | Mimivirus-dependent virus Zamilon
|
Mimivirus-dependent virus Zamilon, or Zamilon, is a virophage, a group of small DNA viruses that infect protists and require a helper virus to replicate; they are a type of satellite virus.[2] Discovered in 2013 in Tunisia, infecting Acanthamoeba polyphaga amoebae, Zamilon most closely resembles Sputnik, the first virophage to be discovered. The name is Arabic for "the neighbour".[3] Its spherical particle is 50–60 nm in diameter, and contains a circular double-stranded DNA genome of around 17 kb, which is predicted to encode 20 polypeptides. A related strain, Zamilon 2, has been identified in North America.
All known virophages are associated with helpers in the giant DNA virus family Mimiviridae. Zamilon is restricted in its range of helper viruses; it can be supported by viruses from Mimivirus-like Mimiviridae lineages B and C, but not from lineage A. This appears to be a consequence of a rudimentary immune system of the helper virus, termed MIMIVIRE (mimivirus virophage resistance element), akin to the CRISPR-Cas pathway.[4] Unlike the Sputnik virophage, Zamilon does not appear to impair the replication of its helper virus.
- ^ Duponchel, S. and Fischer, M.G. (2019) "Viva lavidaviruses! Five features of virophages that parasitize giant DNA viruses". PLoS pathogens, 15(3). doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1007592.
Material was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
- ^ Krupovic M, Kuhn JH, Fischer MG (2016), "A classification system for virophages and satellite viruses", Archives of Virology, 161 (1): 233–47, doi:10.1007/s00705-015-2622-9, hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0028-DC34-F, PMID 26446887
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Gaiawas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Levasseur A, Bekliz M, Chabrière E, Pontarotti P, La Scola B, Raoult D (2016), "MIMIVIRE is a defence system in mimivirus that confers resistance to virophage", Nature, 531 (7593): 249–252, Bibcode:2016Natur.531..249L, doi:10.1038/nature17146, PMID 26934229, S2CID 4382855
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