Karbon

Karbon, ₆C

Grafit (kiwa) miwah berlian (tengen), kalih alotrop karbon
Karbon kaŕbon·
Cingakan	ening (intan) & selem (grafit)
Bobot atom standar Ar, std(C)	[7001120096000000000♠12.0096, 7001120116000000000♠12.0116] konvénsional: 7001120110000000000♠12.011
Karbon ring tabél périodik
Hidrogén Hélium Litium Bérilium Boron Karbon Nitrogén Oksigén Fluorin Néon Natrium Magnésium Aluminium Silikon Phosfor Urirang Klorin Argon Potasium Kalsium Skandium Titanium Vanadium Kromium Mangan (datu) Wesi Kobalt Nikel Temaga Séng Gallium Gérmanium Arsenik Sélénium Brom Kripton Rubidium Strontium Ittrium Zirkonium Niobium Molibdénum Téknésium Ruthénium Rhodium Palladium Pérak Kadmium Indium Timah Antimoni Téllurium Yodium Xénon Sésium Barium Lanthanum Sérium Praséodimium Néodimium Prométhium Samarium Éuropium Gadolinium Terbium Disprosium Holmium Érbium Thulium Itterbium Lutésium Hafnium Tantalum Tungstén Rhénium Osmium Iridium Platinum Mas Rasa (datu) Thallium Timbal Bismuth Polonium Astatin Radon Fransium Radium Aktinium Thorium Protaktinium Uranium Néptunium Plutonium Amérisium Curium Berkélium Kalifornium Éinsteinium Fermium Méndelevium Nobélium Lawrénsium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnérium Darmstadtium Roéntgénium Kopernikium Nihonium Flérovium Moskovium Livermorium Ténnessin Oganésson - ↑ C ↓ Si boron ← karbon → nitrogén
Wilangan atom (Z)	6
Watek	golongan 14 (golongan karbon)
Période	période 2
Blok	blok-p
Konpigurasi éléktron	[Hé] 2s2 2p2
Éléktron per kulit	2,4
Cecirén pisik
Pase ring STP	Padat
Titik sublimasi	3915 K ​(3642 °C, ​6588 °F)
Kapadetan (nampek s.r.)	Amorf:[1] 1.8–2.1 g/cm3 Intan: 3.515 g/cm3 Grafit: 2.267 g/cm3
Titik tripel	4600 K, ​10800[2][3] kPa
Panes fusi	117 (grafit) kJ/mol
Kapasitas panes molar	6.155 (intan) 8.517 (grafit) J/(mol·K)
Cecirén atom
Paindikan oksidasi	−4, −3, −2, −1, 0, +1,[4] +2, +3,[5] +4[6] (oksida asam tenga)
Kaéléktronégatipan	skala Pauling: 2.55
Wasa ionisasi	(malih)
Jeriji kovalén	77(sp³), 73(sp²), 69(sp) pm
Jeriji Van der Waals	170 pm
Garis spéktral saking karbon
Cecirén liyanan
Rupa alami	primordial
Struktur kristal	​kubus-rombus acuan ajeng (intan, bening)
Kagelisan swara pales tipis	18350 (intan) m/s (ring 20 °C)
Ékspansi térmal	0.8 (intan)[7] µm/(m⋅K) (ring 25 °C)
Konduktivitas térmal	900-2300 (intan) 119-165 (grafit) W/(m⋅K)
bacakan magnétik	diamagnetik[8]
Modulus Young	1050 (intan)[7] GPa
Modulus Shear	478 (intan)[7] GPa
Modulus Bulk	442 (intan)[7] GPa
Rasio Poisson	0.1 (intan)[7]
Kakatosan Mohs	10 (intan) 1-2 (grafit)
Nomor CAS	7440-44-0
Lelintihan
Panemuan	Mesir Kuna & Wong Sumeria[9] (3750 BC)
Diketahui sebagai unsur kimia oleh	A. Lavoisier[10] (1789)
Isotop utama karbon
Iso­top Kalimpahan Paruh-idup (t1/2) Mode paluruhan Pro­duk 11C syn 20 min β+ 11B 12C 98.9% tegteg 13C 1.1% tegteg 14C trace 5730 y β− 14N
Kategori:Karbon cingak pabligbagan uah | pustaka

Karbon (saking kruna Latin: carbo "batu bara") silih tunggil datu kimia antuk simbol C miwah wilangan atom 6. Inucap ten logam miwah tétravalén ngasilang papat éléktron kasedia antuk ngawentuk paiketan kimia kovalén. Punika rumasuk seka 14 saking tabél périodik.^[14] Karbon wantah ngawentuk sawatara 0,025 persén kerak gumi.^[15]

1. ↑ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (édisi ka-86). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
2. ↑ Haaland, D (1976). "Graphite-liquid-vapor triple point pressure and the density of liquid carbon". Carbon. 14 (6): 357. doi:10.1016/0008-6223(76)90010-5.
3. ↑ Savvatimskiy, A (2005). "Measurements of the melting point of graphite and the properties of liquid carbon (a review for 1963–2003)". Carbon. 43 (6): 1115. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2004.12.027.
4. ↑ "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the Electronic Transition of the Jet-Cooled CCI Free Radical" (PDF). Kaaksés 2007-12-06.
5. ↑ "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the System of CP" (PDF). Kaaksés 2007-12-06.
6. ↑ "Carbon: Binary compounds". Kaaksés 2007-12-06.
7. ↑ ^{7,0 7,1 7,2 7,3 7,4} Properties of diamond, Ioffe Institute Database
8. ↑ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.
9. ↑ "History of Carbon and Carbon Materials - Center for Applied Energy Research - University of Kentucky". Caer.uky.edu. Kaaksés 2008-09-12.
10. ↑ Senese, Fred (200-09-09). "Who discovered carbon?". Frostburg State University. Kaaksés 2007-11-24. Check date values in: |date= (help)
11. ↑ "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the System of CP" (PDF). Kaaksés 2007-12-06.
12. ↑ "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the Electronic Transition of the Jet-Cooled CCI Free Radical" (PDF). Kaaksés 2007-12-06.
13. ↑ "Carbon: Binary compounds". Kaaksés 2007-12-06.
14. ↑ "carbon | Facts, Uses, & Properties". Encyclopedia Britannica (ring Inggris). Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 2017-10-24.
15. ↑ "carbon". Britannica encyclopedia.