Ostrali

Pérsémakmuran Óstrali Commonwealth of Australia (Inggris)
Kobér Lambang
Gending kebangsaan: "Advance Australia Fair" ("Lanturang, Ostrali salanturnyané")[N 1]
Pasemakmuran Ostrali, ring sajeroning klaim téritorial Ostrali ring Antartika
Ibu kota	Canberra 35°18′29″S 149°07′28″E / 35.30806°S 149.12444°E / -35.30806; 149.12444
Kota pinih ageng	Sidni (Sydney)
Basa nasional	Basa Inggris[N 2]
Agama	Lis agama 52.2% Kakristenan 30.1% Ten-réligius 2.6% Islam 2.4% Buddhisme 1.9% Hinduisme 1.7% Liyanan 9.1% Ten kasengguh utawi ten jelas [2]
Demonim	Australian Aussie (basa sarahina)[3][4]
Pamréntahan	Féderal parleménter miwah monarki konstitusional
• Monarki	Charles III
• Gubernur Jénderal	Sir Peter Cosgrove
• Patih Agung	Scott Morrison
• Pamucuk Mahkamah Agung	Susan Kiefel
Legislatip	Parlemén
- Majelis Duur	Sénat
- Majelis Beten	Déwan Pawakilan Rakyat
Kamahardikan  Saking Britania Raya
• Konstitusi Féderasi	1 Januari 1901
• Adopsi Statuta Westminster	9 Oktober 1942 (efektif saking 3 Séptémber 1939)
• Undang-Undang Ostrali 1986	3 Maret 1986
Jimbarnyané
- Total	7,692,024 km2 (2,969,907 sq mi) (6)
- Perairan (%)	0.76
Populasi
- Perkiraan 2024	Mal:Data Australia[5] (51)
- Sensus Krama 2016	23,401,892[6]
- Kepadatan	Error in convert: Value "<strong" must be a number (help) (236)
PDB (KKB)	2018
- Total	$1.313 triliun[7] (19)
- Per kapita	$52,191[7] (17)
PDB (nominal)	2018
- Total	$1.500 triliun[7] (13)
- Per kapita	$59,655[7] (10)
Gini (2012)	44.9[8] sedang · 26
IPM (2017)	0.939[9] sangat tinggi · 3
Mata uang	Dolar Ostrali (A$) (AUD)
Zona waktu	maragam[N 3] (UTC+8 hingga +10.5)
- Musim panas (DST)	UTC+8 nganti +11 (maragam[N 3])
Wentuk pinanggal	dd/mm/yyyy
Lajur kemudi	kiwa
Kode télépon	+61
Ranah Internet	.au
↑ Tembang krajaan Ostrali inggih punika "God Save the Queen", katembang ring satunggil anggota keluarga Kerajaan ritatkala ipun magenah ring Ostrali. Ring konteks liyanan, tembang kawangsaan Ostrali, "Advance Australia Fair", katembang.[1] ↑ Basa Inggris tidak memiliki status de jure. ↑ 3,0 3,1 Wénten soroh alit saking tiga wawengkon galah dasar. Cingak Galah ring Ostrali

Ostrali (Basa Inggris: Australia) resminé Pasemakmuran Ostrali,^[10] inggih punika silih tunggil negara sané ngacakupin daratan saking benua Ostrali, pulo Tasmania lan makéh pulo alit.^[11] Ostrali madué total jimbar 7,688,287 km² (2,968,464 sq mi), manadosang ipun negara pinih linggah kaenem ring jagat lan pinih ageng ring Oséania. Punika benua pinih purwa ring jagat,^[12] pinih asah,^[13] lan pinih tuh sané kamenengin,^[14][15] sareng makudang tanah sané pinih ten lanus.^[16][17] Punika dados negara megadiverse, lan ukurannyané ngicain karagaman pentang palemahan tur iklim sané jimbar ring sajeroning gurun ring padalaman lan wana sabeh tropis ring selantang pasisi.

Ostrali inggih punika satunggil negara féderal démokrasi parleménter miwah monarki konstitusional sané madaging nem negara wagian miwah dasa wawengkon. Populasinyané langkung saking Pikobet éksprési: Karakter tanda baca "[" tan kauningin. yuta sanget kaurbanisasi lan mapusat ring pasisi kangin.^[5][18] Canberra inggih punika ibu kota negara ipun, sauntara kota sané pinih akéh populasi ipun inggih punika Sidni lan Melbourne, makakalih madué populasi langkung saking 5 yuta.^[19] Budaya Ostrali punika maragam,^[20] saha negara niki madué silih tunggil populasi wargi tamiu sané pinih tegeh ring jagat.^[21] Punika madué tingkat ekonomi maju lan sinilih tunggil pangupajiwa per kapita pinih tegeh ring jagat.^[22][23][24] Wit wasa palemahan sané akéh miwah paiketan paadolan internasional sané sampun nglimbak mabuat pisan ring ékonomi negara. Punika peringkat sané tegeh antuk kualitas kauripan, kasehatan, pendidikan, kabébasan ékonomi, kabébasan sipil saha hak politik.^[25]

Ostrali inggih punika kakuatan tengah, lan madué pamedalan militer sané pinih tegeh kaping telulas ring jagaté. Punika pinaka anggota sekaa internasional rumasuk PBB; G20; OECD; Organisasi Paadolan Jagat; Kooperasi Ékonomi Asia-Pasifik; Forum Kapuloan Pasifik; Komunitas Pasifik; Pasemakmuran Bangsa-Bangsa; saha organisasi patahanan miwah kaamanan ANZUS, AUKUS, lan Five Eyes. Puniki taler sekutu utama non-NATO saking Amérika Serikat.^[26]

1. ↑ "Australian National Anthem". Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 1 July 2007. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)
   "16. Other matters – 16.3 Australian National Anthem". Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 23 Séptémber 2015.
   "National Symbols" (PDF). Parliamentary Handbook of the Commonwealth of Australia (PDF) (édisi ka-29th). 2005 [2002]. Kaarsipin saking versi asli (PDF) tanggal 11 Juni 2007. Kaaksés 7 Juni 2007. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)
2. ↑ "2016 Census data reveals "no religion" is rising fast". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Juni 27, 2017. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal Méi 15, 2013. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)
3. ↑ Cingak éntri ring Kamus Macquarie.
4. ↑ Collins English Dictionary. Bishopbriggs, Glasgow: HarperCollins. 2009. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-00-786171-2.
5. ↑ ^{5,0 5,1} "Population clock". Australian Bureau of Statistics website. Commonwealth of Australia. Kaaksés 24 December 2018. The population estimate shown is automatically calculated daily at 00:00 UTC and is based on data obtained from the population clock on the date shown in the citation.
6. ↑ Mal:Census 2016 AUS
7. ↑ ^{7,0 7,1 7,2 7,3} "Australia". International Monetary Fund. April 2018. Kaaksés 22 April 2018.
8. ↑ "26 Australia 0.449 0.328""OECD Economic Surveys: Norway 2012".
9. ↑ "UN Human Development Indices and Indicators Statistical Update" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 2018.
10. ↑ Undang-Undang Konstitusi Pasemakmuran Ostrali (Imp) 63 & 64 Vict, c 12, s 3 Archived 2024-01-09 at the Wayback Machine
11. ↑ Wawengkon Antartika Ostrali
12. ↑ Korsch RJ.; et al. (2011). "Australian island arcs through time: Geodynamic implications for the Archean and Proterozoic". Gondwana Research. 19 (3): 716–734. Bibcode:2011GondR..19..716K. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2010.11.018. ISSN 1342-937X.
13. ↑ Macey, Richard (21 January 2005). "Map from above shows Australia is a very flat place". The Sydney Morning Herald. ISSN 0312-6315. OCLC 226369741. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 10 October 2017. Kaaksés 5 April 2010.
14. ↑ "The Australian continent". australia.gov.au. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 13 March 2020. Kaaksés 13 Agustus 2018.
15. ↑ "Deserts". Geoscience Australia. Australian Government. 15 Méi 2014. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 5 Juni 2014. Kaaksés 13 Agustus 2018.
16. ↑ Kelly, Karina (13 Séptémber 1995). "A Chat with Tim Flannery on Population Control". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 13 Januari 2010. Kaaksés 23 April 2010. "Well, Australia has by far the world's least fertile soils".
17. ↑ Grant, Cameron (August 2007). "Damaged Dirt" (PDF). The Advertiser. Kaarsipin saking versi asli (PDF) tanggal 6 July 2011. Kaaksés 23 April 2010. Australia has the oldest, most highly weathered soils on the planet.
18. ↑ "Geographic Distribution of the Population". 24 May 2012. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 14 April 2021. Kaaksés 1 December 2012.
19. ↑ "Regional population". Australian Bureau of Statistics. 20 April 2023. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 10 October 2023. Kaaksés 23 April 2023.
20. ↑ "Culturally and linguistically Diverse Australian". Australian Government, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. 2024. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 19 February 2024. Kaaksés 20 February 2024.
21. ↑ O'Donnell, James (27 November 2023). "Is Australia a cohesive nation?". ABC Australia. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 20 February 2024. Kaaksés 21 February 2024.
22. ↑ "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2015". International Monetary Fund. 6 September 2015. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 6 September 2015. Kaaksés 1 April 2019. Check date values in: |date=, |archive-date= (help)
23. ↑ "Human Development Report 2021-22" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 2022. Kaarsipin (PDF) saking versi asli tanggal 8 September 2022. Kaaksés 9 September 2022. Check date values in: |access-date=, |archive-date= (help)
24. ↑ "Australians the world's wealthiest". The Sydney Morning Herald. 31 October 2011. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 10 July 2014. Kaaksés 24 July 2012.
25. ↑ "Statistics and rankings". Global Australia. 18 May 2021. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 28 March 2023. Kaaksés 28 March 2023.
26. ↑ Rachman, Gideon (13 March 2023). "Aukus, the Anglosphere and the return of great power rivalry". Financial Times. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 20 March 2023. Kaaksés 19 March 2023.