Kolesterol

Kolesterol

Mga pagsaladawan nin kolesterol: kimikal na istraktura, bola asin istik na modelo, sagkod an ispasyong pagpano na modelo

An kolesterol (Ingles: cholesterol, gikan sa Suanoy na Griyego na chole- (bile) asin stereos (solido), na pigsusundan nin kimikal na suffix -ol para sa sarong alkohol) iyo sarong organikong molekula. Ini iyo sarong sterol (o modipikadong steroid),^[1] na iyo sarong klase nin lipid. An kolesterol iyo pig-biyosintesa nin gabos na mga selula kan hayop asin iyo sarong esensyal na istraktural na komposisyon nin selulang membrana kan mga hayop.

An kolesterol iyo minasirbe man bilang sarong prekursor para sa mga biyosintesis kan mga steroid na hormona, asido nin bile^[2] asin bitamina D.^{[nangangaipo nin toltolan]} An kolesterol iyo an pangenot na sterol na pigsisintesa nin gabos na mga hayop. Sa mga vertebrado, an hepatikong selula iyo tipikal na naghihimo nin pinakadakul na bilang. Mayo ini sa mga prokaryota (bakterya asin arkeya), alagad igwang mga eksepsyon, arug kan Mycoplasma, na nangangaipo nin kolesterol para magdakula..^[3]

Si François Poulletier de la Salle an enot na nakadiskobre sa kolesterol sa solidong porma sa mga gallstone kaidtong 1769. Pero, bakong sagkod kaidtong 1815 kan an kimikong si Michel Eugène Chevreul pigpangaran an kompuwesto bilang "cholesterine".^[4][5]

1. ↑ "Cholesterol, 57-88-5". PubChem, National Library of Medicine, US National Institutes of Health. 9 November 2019. Retrieved 14 November 2019.
2. ↑ "Steroidogenic enzymes: structure, function, and role in regulation of steroid hormone biosynthesis". The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 43 (8): 779–804. December 1992. doi:10.1016/0960-0760(92)90307-5. PMID 22217824. https://zenodo.org/record/890723. 
3. ↑ "Cholesterol requirement of mycoplasmas". Journal of Bacteriology 102 (2): 306–10. May 1970. doi:10.1128/JB.102.2.306-310.1970. PMID 4911537. 
4. ↑ Chevreul (1816) "Recherches chimiques sur les corps gras, et particulièrement sur leurs combinaisons avec les alcalis. Sixième mémoire. Examen des graisses d'homme, de mouton, de boeuf, de jaguar et d'oie" (Chemical researches on fatty substances, and particularly on their combinations o filippos ine kapios with alkalis. Sixth memoir. Study of human, sheep, beef, jaguar and goose fat), Annales de Chimie et de Physique, 2 : 339–372. From page 346 : "Je nommerai cholesterine, de χολη, bile, et στερεος, solide, la substance cristallisée des calculs biliares humains, ... " (I will name cholesterine — from χολη (bile) and στερεος (solid) — the crystalized substance from human gallstones ... )
5. ↑ "Discovery of the lipoproteins, their role in fat transport and their significance as risk factors". The Journal of Nutrition 128 (2 Suppl): 439S–443S. February 1998. doi:10.1093/jn/128.2.439S. PMID 9478044.