Cydnabyddiaeth gyfreithiol o bobl drawsryweddol

	Symbol trawsryweddol
Trawsrywedd
Hunaniaethau
	Androgynedd · Anneuaidd · Dau-Enaid · Dyn traws · Kathoey · Menyw draws · Trydydd rhywedd
Pynciau
	Cwestiynu · Trawsrywioldeb
Agweddau clinigol a meddygol
	Dysfforia rhywedd · Llawdriniaeth ailbennu rhyw · Therapi hormonau trawsryweddol
Agweddau cyfreithiol a chymdeithasol
	Cydnabyddiaeth gyfreithiol · Symbolau · Trawsffobia · Deddf Cydnabod Rhywedd 2004
Rhestrau
	Pobl
Categori
	Y blwch hwn: gweld • sgwrs • golygu

Rhywun sydd â hunaniaeth rhywedd sy'n anghyson neu nad yw'n gysylltiedig yn ddiwylliannol â'r rhyw a bennwyd adeg ei enedigaeth ac hefyd â'r rôl rhywedd sy'n gysylltiedig â'r rhyw hwnnw yw person trawsryweddol. Gellir bod ganddo statws rhywedd newydd sy'n cydweddu â'i hunaniaeth rhywedd, neu y gall fwriadu ei sefydlu. Yn gyffredin, ystyrir trawsrywiol yn is-set o drawsryweddol,^[1]^[2]^[3] ond mae rhai pobl drawsrywiol yn gwrthod cael eu labeli yn drawsryweddol.^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]

Yn fyd-eang, mae'r mwyafrif o awdurdodaethau yn cydnabod y ddwy hunaniaeth draddodiadol a'r ddau rôl cymdeithasol o ran rhywedd, dyn a menyw, ond maent yn tueddu i eithrio hunaniaethau a mynegiadau eraill o ran rhywedd. Fodd bynnag, mae rhai gwledydd yn cydnabod trydydd rhywedd yn gyfreithiol. Mae'r trydydd rhywedd hwnnw yn aml yn gysylltiedig â bod yn anneuaidd. Erbyn hyn, mae gwell dealltwriaeth o'r amrywiaeth eang y tu allan i'r categorïau nodweddiadol o "ddyn" a "menyw", ac mae llawer o hunan-ddisgrifiadau nawr yn mynd i mewn i'r llenyddiaeth, gan gynnwys hollrywedd, rhywedd-cwiar ac anrhywedd. Yn feddygol ac yn gymdeithasol, mae'r term "trawsrywioldeb" yn cael ei ddisodli gan anghydweddiad rhywedd^[8] neu ddysfforia rhywedd^[9], ac mae'r termau fel pobl trawsryweddol, dynion traws a menywod draws ac anneuaidd yn disodli'r categori o bobl drawsrywiol.

Ystyrir y rhan fwyaf o'r materion ynghylch hawliau trawsryweddol yn gyffredinol yn ran o gyfraith deuluol, yn enwedig y materion o briodas a'r cwestiwn o berson trawsryweddol yn elwa ar yswiriant neu nawdd cymdeithasol ei bartner.

Amrywir y radd o gydnabyddiaeth gyfreithiol a ddarperir i bobl drawsryweddol ledled y byd. Erbyn hyn, mae llawer o wledydd yn cydnabod ailbennu rhyw drwy ganiatáu newid rhywedd cyfreithiol ar dystysgrif geni unigolyn.^[10] Mae llawer o bobl drawsryweddol yn cael llawdriniaeth barhaol i newid eu cyrff, llawdriniaeth ailbennu rhyw neu'n newid eu cyrff yn lled-barhaol drwy ddulliau hormonaidd, therapi hormonau trawsryweddol (HRT). Mewn llawer o wledydd, mae rhai o'r addasiadau hyn yn ofynnol ar gyfer cydnabyddiaeth gyfreithiol. Mewn ychydig, mae'r agweddau cyfreithiol yn uniongyrchol gysylltiedig â gofal iechyd; hynny yw, mae'r un cyrff neu feddygon yn penderfynu a all person symud ymlaen yn eu triniaeth ac mae'r prosesau dilynol yn cynnwys y ddau fater yn awtomatig.

Mewn rhai awdurdodaethau, gall person trawsryweddol gael cydnabyddiaeth gyfreithiol o'i rywedd oherwydd ei hunaniaeth rhywedd yn unig drwy hunan-ddiffinio heb angen llawdriniaeth, hormonau neu ddiagnosis. Mewn rhai gwledydd, mae angen diagnosis meddygol eglur o "drawsrywioldeb" (o leiaf yn ffurfiol). Mewn awdurdodaethau eraill, mae angen diagnosis o "ddysfforia rhywedd" neu ddiagnosis tebyg ar gyfer rhai neu'r holl gydnabyddiaeth gyfreithiol sydd ar gael. Mae'r DSM-5 a'r ICD-10 yn cydnabod dysfforia rhywedd fel diagnosis swyddogol, ond yn y ICD-11 y'i cydnabyddir fel anghydweddiad rhywedd.

↑ Transgender Rights (2006, ISBN 0816643121), golygwyd gan Paisley Currah, Richard M. Juang, Shannon Minter
↑ Thomas E. Bevan, The Psychobiology of Transsexualism and Transgenderism (2014, ISBN 1440831270), page 42: "The term transsexual was introduced by Cauldwell (1949) and popularized by Harry Benjamin (1966) [...]. The term transgender was coined by John Oliven (1965) and popularized by various transgender people who pioneered the concept and practice of transgenderism. It is sometimes said that Virginia Prince (1976) popularized the term, but history shows that many transgender people adovcated the use of this term much more than Prince. The adjective transgendered should not be used [...]. Transsexuals constitute a subset of transgender people."
↑ A. C. Alegria, Transgender identity and health care: Implications for psychosocial and physical evaluation, in the Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, volume 23, issue 4 (2011), pages 175–182: "Transgender, Umbrella term for persons who do not conform to gender norms in their identity and/or behavior (Meyerowitz, 2002). Transsexual, Subset of transgenderism; persons who feel discordance between natal sex and identity (Meyerowitz, 2002)."
↑ Valentine, David. Imagining Transgender: An Ethnography of a Category, Duke University, 2007
↑ Stryker, Susan. Introduction. In Stryker and S. Whittle (Eds.), The Transgender Studies Reader, New York: Routledge, 2006. 1–17
↑ Kelley Winters, "Gender Madness in American Psychiatry, essays from the struggle for dignity, 2008, p. 198. "Some Transsexual individuals also identify with the broader transgender community; others do not."
↑ "retrieved 20 August 2015: " Transsexualism is often included within the broader term 'transgender', which is generally considered an umbrella term for people who do not conform to typically accepted gender roles for the sex they were assigned at birth. The term 'transgender' is a word employed by activists to encompass as many groups of gender diverse people as possible. However, many of these groups individually don't identify with the term. Many health clinics and services set up to serve gender variant communities employ the term, however most of the people using these services again don't identify with this term. The rejection of this political category by those that it is designed to cover clearly illustrates the difference between self-identification and categories that are imposed by observers to understand other people."". Gendercentre.org.au. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar 28 November 2014. Cyrchwyd 1 August 2017.
↑ "Gender incongruence. ICD-11 – Mortality and Morbidity Statistics". Sefydliad Iechyd y Byd. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar 1 Awst 2018. Cyrchwyd 7 November 2020.
↑ American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. tt. 451–459. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596. hdl:2027.42/138395. ISBN 978-0-89042-554-1.
↑ Taylor, J.K.; Haider-Markel, D.P. (2014). Transgender Rights and Politics : Groups, Issue Framing, and Policy Adoption. University of Michigan Press.

[TR2006-1] Transgender Rights (2006, ISBN 0816643121), golygwyd gan Paisley Currah, Richard M. Juang, Shannon Minter

[Bevan-2] Thomas E. Bevan, The Psychobiology of Transsexualism and Transgenderism (2014, ISBN 1440831270), page 42: "The term transsexual was introduced by Cauldwell (1949) and popularized by Harry Benjamin (1966) [...]. The term transgender was coined by John Oliven (1965) and popularized by various transgender people who pioneered the concept and practice of transgenderism. It is sometimes said that Virginia Prince (1976) popularized the term, but history shows that many transgender people adovcated the use of this term much more than Prince. The adjective transgendered should not be used [...]. Transsexuals constitute a subset of transgender people."

[Alegria-3] A. C. Alegria, Transgender identity and health care: Implications for psychosocial and physical evaluation, in the Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, volume 23, issue 4 (2011), pages 175–182: "Transgender, Umbrella term for persons who do not conform to gender norms in their identity and/or behavior (Meyerowitz, 2002). Transsexual, Subset of transgenderism; persons who feel discordance between natal sex and identity (Meyerowitz, 2002)."

[Valentine-4] Valentine, David. Imagining Transgender: An Ethnography of a Category, Duke University, 2007

[Stryker-5] Stryker, Susan. Introduction. In Stryker and S. Whittle (Eds.), The Transgender Studies Reader, New York: Routledge, 2006. 1–17

[6] Kelley Winters, "Gender Madness in American Psychiatry, essays from the struggle for dignity, 2008, p. 198. "Some Transsexual individuals also identify with the broader transgender community; others do not."

[7] "retrieved 20 August 2015: " Transsexualism is often included within the broader term 'transgender', which is generally considered an umbrella term for people who do not conform to typically accepted gender roles for the sex they were assigned at birth. The term 'transgender' is a word employed by activists to encompass as many groups of gender diverse people as possible. However, many of these groups individually don't identify with the term. Many health clinics and services set up to serve gender variant communities employ the term, however most of the people using these services again don't identify with this term. The rejection of this political category by those that it is designed to cover clearly illustrates the difference between self-identification and categories that are imposed by observers to understand other people."". Gendercentre.org.au. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar 28 November 2014. Cyrchwyd 1 August 2017.

[8] "Gender incongruence. ICD-11 – Mortality and Morbidity Statistics". Sefydliad Iechyd y Byd. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol ar 1 Awst 2018. Cyrchwyd 7 November 2020.

[DSM-5-9] American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. tt. 451–459. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596. hdl:2027.42/138395. ISBN 978-0-89042-554-1.

[10] Taylor, J.K.; Haider-Markel, D.P. (2014). Transgender Rights and Politics : Groups, Issue Framing, and Policy Adoption. University of Michigan Press.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]