1972 Summer Olympics

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Games of the XX Olympiad

Emblem of the 1972 Summer Olympics
Location	Munich, West Germany
Motto	The Cheerful Games (German: Heitere Spiele)
Nations	121
Athletes	7,134 (6,075 men, 1,059 women)
Events	195 in 21 sports (28 disciplines)
Opening	26 August 1972
Closing	11 September 1972
Opened by	Gustav Heinemann President of West Germany[1]
Closed by	Avery Brundage President of the International Olympic Committee
Cauldron	Günther Zahn[1]
Stadium	Olympiastadion
Summer ← Mexico City 1968 Montreal 1976 → Winter ← Sapporo 1972 Innsbruck 1976 → 1972 Summer Paralympics

Part of a series on
1972 Summer Olympics
Bid process (bid details) Development (venues, torch relay) Marketing (mascot) Broadcasters Opening ceremony (flag bearers) Chronological summary Medal table (medalists) Olympic records World records Controversies Closing ceremony (flag bearers) Paralympics IOC DOSB MUNOOC
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The 1972 Summer Olympics (German: Olympische Sommerspiele 1972), officially known as the Games of the XX Olympiad (German: Spiele der XX. Olympiade) and officially branded as Munich 1972 (German: München 1972; Bavarian: Minga 1972), were an international multi-sport event held in Munich, West Germany, from 26 August to 11 September 1972. It was the second Summer Olympics to be held in Germany, after the 1936 Games in Berlin, which had taken place under the Nazi rule. Germany became only the second country at that point after the United States to have two different cities host the Summer Olympics.^[2]

The West German government had been eager to have the Munich Olympics present a democratic and optimistic Germany to the world, as shown by the Games' official motto, "Die Heiteren Spiele",^[3] or "the cheerful Games".^[4] The logo of the Games was a blue solar logo (the "Bright Sun") by Otl Aicher, the designer and director of the visual conception commission.^[5] The hostesses wore sky-blue dirndls as a promotion of Bavarian cultural heritage.^[6] The Olympic mascot, the dachshund "Waldi", was the first officially named Olympic mascot. The Olympic Fanfare was composed by Herbert Rehbein.^[7] The Soviet Union won the most gold and overall medals.

The Olympic Park (Olympiapark) was based on Frei Otto's plans and became a Munich landmark after the Games. The competition sites, designed by architect Günther Behnisch, included the Olympic swimming hall, the Olympics Hall (Olympiahalle, a multipurpose facility) and the Olympic Stadium (Olympiastadion), and an Olympic village very close to the park. The design of these stadia was considered revolutionary, with sweeping canopies of acrylic glass stabilized by metal ropes, used on such a large scale for the first time.^[8]

The event was overshadowed by the Munich massacre in the second week, in which 11 Israeli athletes and coaches and a West German police officer at the Olympic Village were killed by the Palestinian militant organisation Black September.