Award
The 1992 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXV Olympiad, and officially branded as Barcelona '92, were an international multi-sport event held in Barcelona , Spain, from 25 July to 9 August 1992.[ 1] [ 2] A total of 9,356 athletes representing 169 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) participated.[ 1] The games featured 257 events in 25 sports and 34 disciplines.[ 2] [ 3] Badminton , baseball , and women's judo were included as official medal events for the first time.[ 4] [ 5] [ 6]
Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union , athletes from twelve of the fifteen former Soviet republics competed together as part of the Unified Team .[ 7] [ 8] Two other Soviet republics, Estonia and Latvia , competed independently for the first time since 1936,[ 9] [ 10] while Lithuania did so for the first time since 1928.[ 11] South Africa , which had been excluded from the Olympics for its use of the apartheid system in sports, returned to the games for the first time since 1960 .[ 12]
Bosnia and Herzegovina , Croatia , and Slovenia competed independently, as opposed to as a part of Yugoslavia , for the first time following the breakup of Yugoslavia .[ 13] [ 14] Due to conduct in the ongoing Yugoslav Wars , the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was placed under sanctions by United Nations Security Council Resolution 757 , which prevented the country from taking part in the Olympics.[ 15] [ 16] Individual Yugoslav athletes were allowed to take part as independent participants and, with Macedonian athletes who could not appear under their own flag because their NOC had not yet been formed, combined to form the Independent Olympic Participants team.[ 8] [ 16] East and West Germany also competed together for the first time since 1964, following the German reunification .[ 17] [ 8]
Athletes representing 64 NOCs received at least one medal, with 37 NOCs winning at least one gold medal.[ 18] The Unified Team won the most gold medals, with 45, and the most overall medals, with 112.[ 18] Algeria ,[ 19] Indonesia ,[ 4] and Lithuania won their nations' first Summer Olympic gold medals.[ 20] It was also the first Olympic medal of any kind for Lithuania.[ 20] Croatia,[ 21] Israel ,[ 22] Malaysia ,[ 23] Namibia ,[ 24] Qatar ,[ 25] and Slovenia won their nation's first Olympic medals.[ 26] Unified Team gymnast Vitaly Scherbo won the most gold and overall medals among individual participants, with six (all gold).[ 27]
^ a b "Barcelona 1992 Summer Olympics – Athletes, Medals & Results" . International Olympic Committee . Archived from the original on 29 September 2022. Retrieved 19 September 2024 .
^ a b "Barcelona 1992" . Team GB . Archived from the original on 14 August 2020. Retrieved 23 September 2024 .
^ Rao, Rakesh (29 July 2016). "Of lightning Bolt and Phelp's gold rush" . The Hindu . Archived from the original on 5 December 2021. Retrieved 23 September 2024 .
^ a b Venkat, Rahul (5 August 2024). "Badminton Olympics winners: The full history" . International Olympic Committee . Archived from the original on 30 July 2024. Retrieved 20 September 2024 .
^ "Baseball Softball: Olympic history, rules, latest updates, and upcoming events for the Olympics" . International Olympic Committee . Archived from the original on 17 January 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2024 .
^ "Olympic Judo history: Records, past winners, best moments, year-by-year results" . NBC Olympics . 9 April 2024. Archived from the original on 26 May 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2024 .
^ Janofsky, Michael (10 August 1992). "Barcelona; A Glossy Olympics Hits the Finish Line" . The New York Times . sec. A, p. 1. Archived from the original on 8 August 2021. Retrieved 20 September 2024 .
^ a b c "Olympians who found workaround to political circumstances" . Deseret News . Associated Press . 2 July 2016. Archived from the original on 20 September 2024. Retrieved 20 September 2024 .
^ "Olympic Cycling history: Records, past winners, best moments, year-by-year results" . NBC Olympics . 1 May 2024. Archived from the original on 1 July 2024. Retrieved 20 September 2024 .
^ "Latvia – Politics, Constitution, Parliament" . Encyclopædia Britannica . 19 September 2024. Archived from the original on 1 September 2024. Retrieved 20 September 2024 .
^ Hersh, Phil (17 May 1992). "Olympic hopefuls from Lithuania won't soon forget their roots" . The Baltimore Sun . Archived from the original on 21 September 2024. Retrieved 20 September 2024 .
^ Wren, Christopher S. (7 November 1991). "Olympics; An Era Ends, Another Begins: South Africa to Go to Olympics" . The New York Times . sec. B, p. 19. Archived from the original on 22 December 2022. Retrieved 20 September 2024 .
^ "Olympic Games 1992" . International Federation for Equestrian Sports . 26 November 2019. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 20 September 2024 .
^ "Barcelona 1992 Olympic Games | Medal Count, Athletes, & Summer Olympics" . Encyclopædia Britannica . 5 August 2024. Archived from the original on 2 September 2024. Retrieved 20 September 2024 .
^ "Q&A regarding the participation of athletes with a Russian or Belarusian passport in international competitions" . International Olympic Committee . 25 October 2023. Archived from the original on 12 August 2024. Retrieved 20 September 2024 .
^ a b Janofsky, Michael (23 July 1992). "Olympics: Barcelona '92; Yugoslavia Agrees to Terms Of Restricted Entry in Games" . The New York Times . sec. B, p. 11. Archived from the original on 20 September 2024. Retrieved 20 September 2024 .
^ "German Teams Will Be Unified for '92 Olympics" . Los Angeles Times . Associated Press . 5 July 1990. Archived from the original on 21 September 2024. Retrieved 20 September 2024 .
^ a b Cite error: The named reference IOC table
was invoked but never defined (see the help page ).
^ Thomas Jr., Robert Mcg (3 February 1994). "Track and Field; As Boulmerka Runs, She Is Making History" . The New York Times . sec. B, p. 11. Archived from the original on 25 September 2024. Retrieved 25 September 2024 .
^ a b "Lithuania – Profile" . International Olympic Committee . Archived from the original on 6 October 2024. Retrieved 19 December 2024 .
^ "The memory of Goran's bronze, the first Olympic medal for the Republic of Croatia" . Croatian Olympic Committee . 6 August 2019. Archived from the original on 19 December 2024. Retrieved 19 December 2024 .
^ "Faces of the Games" . Sports Illustrated . 10 August 1992. Archived from the original on 25 September 2024. Retrieved 24 September 2022 .
^ "Malaysia – Profile" . International Olympic Committee . Archived from the original on 1 December 2024. Retrieved 19 December 2024 .
^ "Namibia – Profile" . International Olympic Committee . Archived from the original on 6 October 2024. Retrieved 19 December 2024 .
^ Beech, Hannah (6 August 2021). "In Qatar, the Olympic Team (Like Much Else) Is Mostly Imported" . The New York Times . Archived from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 24 September 2024 .
^ "Slovenia – Profile" . International Olympic Committee . Archived from the original on 6 October 2024. Retrieved 19 December 2024 .
^ "1992 Barcelona Summer Games" . Sports Reference . Archived from the original on 14 January 2020. Retrieved 19 September 2024 .