Back ফোর-বি আন্দোলন Bengali/Bangla Moviment 4B Catalan فۆربی (بزاڤ) CKB Hnutí 4B Czech Movado 4B EO Movimiento 4B Spanish 4B liikumine ET 4B Finnish Mouvement 4B French תנועת 4B HE
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4B or "Four Nos" is a radical feminist[1] movement that originated in South Korea. The name refers to its defining four tenets which all start with the Korean-language term bi (Korean: 비; Hanja: 非), roughly meaning "no".[2] Its proponents do not date men, marry men, have sex with men, or have children with men.[3] The movement emerged between 2017 and 2019[4][5] on Twitter[6] and on the website WOMAD. It has since spread internationally, namely to the United States after its 2024 presidential election.
The movement is considered fringe in South Korea, and has since declined. Estimates of the movement's adherents vary; reportedly several articles claimed around 5,000 and one article claimed 50,000.[7] In South Korea, a portion of its members, particularly those associated with the openly misandric[8] WOMAD, were described as transphobic and homophobic towards gay men.[9]
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- Yoon, Katie (9 June 2022). "Beneath the Surface: The Struggles of Dismantling Lookism in Looks-Obsessed South Korea". Embodied: The Stanford Undergraduate Journal of Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies. 1 (1). Palo Alto: Stanford.
- 박, 지은 (7 April 2020). ""4B 운동 막고 여가부 폐지"… 성인지 감수성 바닥 드러낸 후보들". Women News.
- Kuk, Jihye; Park, Hyejung; Norma, Caroline (8 November 2018). "Radical feminism paves the way for a resurgent South Korean women's movement". Feminist Current. Retrieved 8 May 2024.
- "The New Perspective On Korean Women Just Produced". Universidad Privada Bolmana. 11 February 2022. Retrieved 8 November 2024.
- "Kai Ford, '23, East Asian Studies, KI Undergraduate Research Assistantships, Summer 2023". korea.fas.harvard.edu. 30 August 2023. Retrieved 8 May 2024.
- ^ Shamim, Sarah (9 November 2024). "What is the 4B feminist movement from S Korea that's taking off in the US?". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 9 November 2024. Retrieved 9 November 2024.
- ^ Wilson, Brock (8 November 2024). "What is the 4B movement?". CBC.ca. Archived from the original on 9 November 2024. Retrieved 9 November 2024.
- ^ "The feminist movement urging South Korean women to shun marriage". South China Morning Post. AFP. 7 December 2019. Archived from the original on 7 December 2019. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
- ^ Smith, Nicola (29 February 2020). "War of the sexes in South Korea as novel becomes feminist handbook". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 5 April 2023. Retrieved 8 March 2021.
- ^ Andronic, Mihaela (2023–2024). ""Life Is To Protest": Evolution of Korean Woman's Performance and Contentious Resistance" (PDF). University of Padua. Retrieved 9 November 2024.
- ^ Sussman, Anna Louie (8 March 2023). "A World Without Men The women of South Korea's 4B movement aren't fighting the patriarchy — they're leaving it behind entirely". The Cut. Archived from the original on 2 December 2023. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
- ^ Lee, Kathy; Yang, Sunyoung (7 August 2024). "Radical cyberfeminists as language planners: South Korea's Womad". Current Issues in Language Planning. 25 (4): 376–393. doi:10.1080/14664208.2024.2328390. ISSN 1466-4208.
- ^ 박, 다해 (7 October 2022). 워마드의 관심사는 '자기계발' [혐오의 민낯]. 한겨레21 (in Korean). Retrieved 10 November 2024.