AMPA

AMPA
Names
	IUPAC name 2-Amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-yl)propanoic acid
Identifiers
CAS Number	74341-63-2 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL276815 ;
ChemSpider	1184 ;
DrugBank	DB02057 ;
IUPHAR/BPS	4131;
MeSH	AMPA
PubChem CID	1221;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID20868301 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C7H10N2O4/c1-3-4(6(10)9-13-3)2-5(8)7(11)12/h5H,2,8H2,1H3,(H,9,10)(H,11,12) Key: UUDAMDVQRQNNHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/C7H10N2O4/c1-3-4(6(10)9-13-3)2-5(8)7(11)12/h5H,2,8H2,1H3,(H,9,10)(H,11,12) Key: UUDAMDVQRQNNHZ-UHFFFAOYAT;
	SMILES O=C1/C(=C(\ON1)C)CC(N)C(=O)O;
Properties
Chemical formula	C7H10N2O4
Molar mass	186.167 g·mol−1
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid, better known as AMPA, is a compound that is a specific agonist for the AMPA receptor, where it mimics the effects of the neurotransmitter glutamate.^[1]

There are several types of glutamatergic ion channels in the central nervous system including AMPA, kainic acid and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) channels. In the synapse, these receptors serve very different purposes. AMPA can be used experimentally to distinguish the activity of one receptor from the other in order to understand their differing functions.^[2] AMPA generates fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP).^[1] AMPA activates AMPA receptors that are non-selective cationic channels allowing the passage of Na⁺ and K⁺ and therefore have an equilibrium potential near 0 mV.

AMPA was first synthesized, along with several other ibotenic acid derivatives, by Krogsgaard-Larsen, Honoré, and others toward differentiating glutamate sensitive receptors from aspartate sensitive receptors.^[3]

^ ^a ^b Purves, Dale; George J. Augustine; David Fitzpatrick; William C. Hall; Anthony-Samuel LaMantia; James O. McNamara & Leonard E. White (2008). Neuroscience (4th ed.). Sinauer Associates. pp. 128–33. ISBN 978-0-87893-697-7.
^ Dinh, L; Nguyen T; Salgado H; Atzori M (2009). "Norepinephrine homogeneously inhibits alpha-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate- (AMPAR-) mediated currents in all layers of the temporal cortex of the rat". Neurochem Res. 34 (11): 1896–906. doi:10.1007/s11064-009-9966-z. PMID 19357950. S2CID 25255160.
^ Krogsgaard-Larsen, P; Honore T; Hansen JJ; Curtis DR; Lodge D (1980). "New class of glutamate agonist structurally related to ibotenic acid". Nature. 284 (5751): 64–66. Bibcode:1980Natur.284...64K. doi:10.1038/284064a0. PMID 6101908. S2CID 4252428.

[Purves2008-1] Purves, Dale; George J. Augustine; David Fitzpatrick; William C. Hall; Anthony-Samuel LaMantia; James O. McNamara & Leonard E. White (2008). Neuroscience (4th ed.). Sinauer Associates. pp. 128–33. ISBN 978-0-87893-697-7.

[Dinh2009-2] Dinh, L; Nguyen T; Salgado H; Atzori M (2009). "Norepinephrine homogeneously inhibits alpha-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate- (AMPAR-) mediated currents in all layers of the temporal cortex of the rat". Neurochem Res. 34 (11): 1896–906. doi:10.1007/s11064-009-9966-z. PMID 19357950. S2CID 25255160.

[KrogsgaardLarsen1980-3] Krogsgaard-Larsen, P; Honore T; Hansen JJ; Curtis DR; Lodge D (1980). "New class of glutamate agonist structurally related to ibotenic acid". Nature. 284 (5751): 64–66. Bibcode:1980Natur.284...64K. doi:10.1038/284064a0. PMID 6101908. S2CID 4252428.

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