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African-American neighborhoods or black neighborhoods are types of ethnic enclaves found in many cities in the United States. Generally, an African American neighborhood is one where the majority of the people who live there are African American. Some of the earliest African-American neighborhoods were in New Orleans, Mobile, Atlanta, and other cities throughout the American South, as well as in New York City.[1] In 1830, there were 14,000 "Free negroes" living in New York City.[2]
The formation of black neighborhoods is closely linked to the history of segregation in the United States, either through formal laws or as a product of social norms. Black neighborhoods have played an important role in the development of African-American culture.[3] Some neighborhoods endured violent attacks.
Black residential segregation has been declining in the United States and many black people are moving to white suburbs.[1] Black people continue to live in poorer neighborhoods than white people and Americans of other races.[4]
- ^ a b Burrows, Edwin G.; Wallace, Mike (1998). Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-514049-1.
- ^ Johnson, James Weldon (1991). Black Manhattan. New York, N.Y.: Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-80431-1.
- ^ Corbould, Clare (2007). "Streets, Sounds and Identity in Interwar Harlem". Journal of Social History. 40 (4): 859–894. doi:10.1353/jsh.2007.0091. JSTOR 25096397. S2CID 144241684.
- ^ Firebaugh, Glenn; Acciai, Francesco (November 22, 2016). "For blacks in America, the gap in neighborhood poverty has declined faster than segregation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 113 (47): 13372–13377. Bibcode:2016PNAS..11313372F. doi:10.1073/pnas.1607220113. PMC 5127296. PMID 27821759.