Ammonium perchlorate

Ammonium perchlorate
Ammonium perchlorate
Unit cell of the crystal structure
Names
IUPAC name
Ammonium perchlorate
Other names
AP
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.029.305 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 232-235-1
RTECS number
  • SC7520000
UNII
UN number 1442
  • InChI=1S/ClHO4.H3N/c2-1(3,4)5;/h(H,2,3,4,5);1H3 checkY
    Key: HHEFNVCDPLQQTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/ClHO4.H3N/c2-1(3,4)5;/h(H,2,3,4,5);1H3
    Key: HHEFNVCDPLQQTP-UHFFFAOYAD
  • [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[NH4+]
Properties
NH4ClO4
Molar mass 117.49 g/mol
Appearance White crystalline[1]
Density 1.95 g/cm3
Melting point Exothermic decomposition before melting at >200 °C[2]
11.56 g/100 mL (0 °C)
20.85 g/100 mL (20 °C)
57.01 g/100 mL (100 °C)
Solubility Soluble in methanol
Partially soluble in acetone, ethanol
Insoluble in diethyl ether[3]
Structure
Orthorhombic (<240 °C)
Cubic (>240 °C)
Thermochemistry
-295.77 kJ/mol[4]
Hazards
GHS labelling:
GHS01: ExplosiveGHS03: OxidizingGHS07: Exclamation markGHS08: Health hazard
Danger
H201, H271, H319, H373
P210, P220, P221, P230, P240, P250, P260, P264, P280, P283, P305+P351+P338, P306+P360, P314, P337+P313, P370+P378, P370+P380, P371+P380+P375, P372, P373, P401, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
Safety data sheet (SDS) External MSDS[5]
Related compounds
Other anions
Ammonium chlorate
Ammonium chloride
Other cations
Potassium perchlorate
Sodium perchlorate
Lithium perchlorate
Related compounds
Perchloric acid
Ammonium perbromate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
checkY verify (what is checkY☒N ?)

Ammonium perchlorate ("AP") is an inorganic compound with the formula NH4ClO4. It is a colorless or white solid that is soluble in water. It is a powerful oxidizer. Combined with a fuel, it can be used as a rocket propellant called ammonium perchlorate composite propellant. Its instability has involved it in a number of accidents, such as the PEPCON disaster.

  1. ^ MSDS. sigmaaldrich.com.
  2. ^ Liu, L.; Li, F.; Tan, L.; Ming, L.; Yi, Y. (2004), "Effects of Nanometer Ni, Cu, Al and NiCu Powders on the Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate", Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 29: 34–38, doi:10.1002/prep.200400026
  3. ^ John Rumble (18 June 2018). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (99th ed.). CRC Press. pp. 4–41. ISBN 978-1138561632.
  4. ^ Chase, M. W. (11 February 1998). "NIST-JANAF Themochemical Tables, Fourth Edition". pp. 1–1951.
  5. ^ Ammonium perchlorate MSDS. Sigma-Aldrich

Ammonium perchlorate

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