Back غدة شرجية Arabic Glàndula anal Catalan Analdrüse German غده مقعدی FA Anaalirauhanen Finnish Glande anale French Ghiandola anale Italian 肛門腺 Japanese Gruczoły odbytowe Polish Glândula adanal Portuguese
The anal glands or anal sacs are small glands near the anus in many mammals.[1] They are situated in between the external anal sphincter muscle and internal anal sphincter muscle.[2] In non-human mammals, the secretions of the anal glands contain mostly volatile organic compounds with a strong odor, and they are thus functionally involved in communication. Depending upon the species, they may be involved in territory marking, individual identification, and sexual signalling, as well as defense.[3][better source needed] Their function in humans is unclear.[4]
Sebaceous glands within the lining secrete a liquid that is used for identification of members within a species. These sacs are found in many species of carnivorans,[2] including wolves,[5] bears,[6][7] sea otters[8] and kinkajous.[9]
- ^ Howard E. Evans; Alexander de Lahunta (7 August 2013). Miller's Anatomy of the Dog - E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 978-0-323-26623-9.
- ^ a b Estes R (1992). The Behavior Guide to African Mammals: Including Hoofed Mammals, Carnivores, Primates. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-08085-0.
- ^ Dorrigiv, Ibrahim; Hadian, Mojtaba; Bahram, Morteza (2023). "Comparison of volatile compounds of anal sac secretions between the sexes of domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris)". Veterinary Research Forum. 14 (3): 169–176. doi:10.30466/vrf.2023.1983063.3714. ISSN 2008-8140. PMC 10073811. PMID 37033781.
- ^ Standring, Susan (2020). Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice (42th ed.). New York. p. 1201. ISBN 978-0-7020-7707-4. OCLC 1201341621.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ L. David Mech; Luigi Boitani (1 October 2010). Wolves: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-51698-1.
- ^ Rosell F, Jojola SM, Ingdal K, Lassen BA, Swenson JE, Arnemo JM, Zedrosser A (Feb 2011). "Brown bears possess anal sacs and secretions may code for sex" (PDF). Journal of Zoology. 283 (2): 143–152. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2010.00754.x. hdl:11250/2437930.
- ^ Dyce KM, Sack WO, Wensing CJ (1987). Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy. W.B. Saunders Company. ISBN 0-7216-1332-2.
- ^ Kenyon KW (1969). The Sea Otter in the Eastern Pacific Ocean. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife.
- ^ Ford LS, Hoffman RS (1988-12-27). "Potos flavus". Mammalian Species (321). American Society of Mammalogists: 1–9. doi:10.2307/3504086. JSTOR 3504086.