Avicenna

Avicenna
*Ibn Sina*
Avicenna; Ibn Sina
ابن سینا
	Portrait of Avicenna on a 1950 Iranian postage stamp
Born	c. 980; Afshana, Transoxiana, Samanid Empire
Died	22 June 1037 (aged 56–57); Hamadan, Kakuyid Emirate
Monuments	Avicenna Mausoleum
Other names	Sharaf al-Mulk (شرف الملك); Hujjat al-Haq (حجة الحق); al-Sheikh al-Ra'is (الشيخ الرئيس); Ibn-Sino (Abu Ali Abdulloh Ibn-Sino); Bu Alī Sīnā (بو علی سینا);
	Philosophy career
Notable work	The Book of Healing; The Canon of Medicine;
Era	Islamic Golden Age
Region	Middle Eastern philosophy Persian philosophy;
School	Aristotelianism, Avicennism
Main interests	Medicine; Aromatherapy; ; Philosophy and logic; Kalām (Islamic theology); Science; Poetry; ;
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Ibn Sina (Persian: ابن سینا, romanized: Ibn Sīnā; c. 980 – 22 June 1037), commonly known in the West as Avicenna (/ˌævɪˈsɛnə, ˌɑːvɪ-/), was a preeminent philosopher and physician of the Muslim world,^[4]^[5] flourishing during the Islamic Golden Age, serving in the courts of various Iranian rulers.^[6] He is often described as the father of early modern medicine.^[7]^[8]^[9] His philosophy was of the Peripatetic school derived from Aristotelianism.^[10]

His most famous works are The Book of Healing, a philosophical and scientific encyclopedia, and The Canon of Medicine, a medical encyclopedia^[11]^[12]^[13] which became a standard medical text at many medieval European universities^[14] and remained in use as late as 1650.^[15] Besides philosophy and medicine, Avicenna's corpus includes writings on astronomy, alchemy, geography and geology, psychology, Islamic theology, logic, mathematics, physics, and works of poetry.^[16]

Avicenna wrote most of his philosophical and scientific works in Arabic, but also wrote several key works in Persian, while his poetic works were written in both languages. Of the 450 works he is believed to have written, around 240 have survived, including 150 on philosophy and 40 on medicine.^[10]

^ Encyclopedia of Islam: Vol 1, p. 562, Edition I, 1964, Lahore, Pakistan
^ The Sheed & Ward Anthology of Catholic Philosophy. Rowman & Littlefield. 2005. ISBN 978-0-7425-3198-7.
^ Ramin Jahanbegloo, In Search of the Sacred : A Conversation with Seyyed Hossein Nasr on His Life and Thought, ABC-CLIO (2010), p. 59
^ "Avicenna (Ibn Sina)". Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Archived from the original on 6 October 2022. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
^ "Ibn Sina [Avicenna]". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 15 September 2016.
^
* Adamson 2016, pp. 113, 117, 206.
(page 113) "For one thing, it means that he[Avicenna] had a Persian cultural background...he spoke Persian natively and did use it to write philosophy."
(page 117) "But for the time being, it was a Persian from Khurasan who would have commentaries lavished upon him. Avicenna would be known by the honorific of "leading master" (al-shaykh al-raʾis)."
(page 206) "Persians like Avicenna"
- Bennison 2009, p. 195. "Avicenna was a Persian whose father served the Samanids of Khurasan and Transoxania as the administrator of a rural district outside Bukhara."
- Paul Strathern (2005). A brief history of medicine: from Hippocrates to gene therapy. Running Press. p. 58. ISBN 978-0-7867-1525-1.
- Brian Duignan (2010). Medieval Philosophy. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 89. ISBN 978-1-61530-244-4.
- Michael Kort (2004). Central Asian republics. Infobase Publishing. p. 24. ISBN 978-0-8160-5074-1.
- Goichon 1986, p. 941. "He was born in 370/980 in Afshana, his mother's home, near Bukhara. His native language was Persian."
- "Avicenna was the greatest of all Persian thinkers; as physician and metaphysician ..." (excerpt from A.J. Arberry, Avicenna on Theology, Kazi Publications Inc, 1995).
- Corbin 1998, p. 74. "Whereas the name of Avicenna (Ibn Sina, died 1037) is generally listed as chronologically first among noteworthy Iranian philosophers, recent evidence has revealed previous existence of Ismaili philosophical systems with a structure no less complete than of Avicenna."
^ "Did You Know?: Silk Roads Exchange and the Development of the Medical Sciences | Programme des Routes de la Soie". fr.unesco.org. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023. Scholars from this period include Avicenna (Ibn Sina, 980–1037 CE), who is often described as the father of early modern medicine, the polymath Al-Biruni (973–1050 CE), and the botanist and pharmacist Ibn al-Baitar (1197–1248 CE).
^ Saffari, Mohsen; Pakpour, Amir (1 December 2012). "Avicenna's Canon of Medicine: A Look at Health, Public Health, and Environmental Sanitation". Archives of Iranian Medicine. 15 (12): 785–9. PMID 23199255. Archived from the original on 29 March 2020. Retrieved 11 August 2018. Avicenna was a well-known Persian and a Muslim scientist who was considered to be the father of early modern medicine.
^ Colgan, Richard (19 September 2009). Advice to the Young Physician: On the Art of Medicine. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 33. ISBN 978-1-4419-1034-9. Avicenna is known as the father of early modern medicine.
^ ^a ^b O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Avicenna", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
^ Nasr, Seyyed Hossein (2007). "Avicenna". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Archived from the original on 31 October 2007. Retrieved 5 November 2007.
^ Edwin Clarke, Charles Donald O'Malley (1996), The human brain and spinal cord: a historical study illustrated by writings from antiquity to the twentieth century, Norman Publishing, p. 20 (ISBN 0-930405-25-0).
^ Iris Bruijn (2009), Ship's Surgeons of the Dutch East India Company: Commerce and the progress of medicine in the eighteenth century, Amsterdam University Press, p. 26 (ISBN 90-8728-051-3).
^ "Avicenna 980–1037". Hcs.osu.edu. Archived from the original on 7 October 2008. Retrieved 19 January 2010.
^ e.g. at the universities of Montpellier and Leuven (see "Medicine: an exhibition of books relating to medicine and surgery from the collection formed by J.K. Lilly". Indiana.edu. 31 August 2004. Archived from the original on 14 December 2009. Retrieved 19 January 2010.).
^ "Avicenna", in Encyclopædia Iranica, Online Version 2006". Iranica.com. Archived from the original on 29 April 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2010.

[Islam_p._562-1] Encyclopedia of Islam: Vol 1, p. 562, Edition I, 1964, Lahore, Pakistan

[2] The Sheed & Ward Anthology of Catholic Philosophy. Rowman & Littlefield. 2005. ISBN 978-0-7425-3198-7.

[3] Ramin Jahanbegloo, In Search of the Sacred : A Conversation with Seyyed Hossein Nasr on His Life and Thought, ABC-CLIO (2010), p. 59

[4] "Avicenna (Ibn Sina)". Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Archived from the original on 6 October 2022. Retrieved 13 October 2022.

[5] "Ibn Sina [Avicenna]". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 15 September 2016.

[6] * Adamson 2016, pp. 113, 117, 206.
(page 113) "For one thing, it means that he[Avicenna] had a Persian cultural background...he spoke Persian natively and did use it to write philosophy."
(page 117) "But for the time being, it was a Persian from Khurasan who would have commentaries lavished upon him. Avicenna would be known by the honorific of "leading master" (al-shaykh al-raʾis)."
(page 206) "Persians like Avicenna"
Bennison 2009, p. 195. "Avicenna was a Persian whose father served the Samanids of Khurasan and Transoxania as the administrator of a rural district outside Bukhara."

Paul Strathern (2005). A brief history of medicine: from Hippocrates to gene therapy. Running Press. p. 58. ISBN 978-0-7867-1525-1.

Brian Duignan (2010). Medieval Philosophy. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 89. ISBN 978-1-61530-244-4.

Michael Kort (2004). Central Asian republics. Infobase Publishing. p. 24. ISBN 978-0-8160-5074-1.

Goichon 1986, p. 941. "He was born in 370/980 in Afshana, his mother's home, near Bukhara. His native language was Persian."

"Avicenna was the greatest of all Persian thinkers; as physician and metaphysician ..." (excerpt from A.J. Arberry, Avicenna on Theology, Kazi Publications Inc, 1995).

Corbin 1998, p. 74. "Whereas the name of Avicenna (Ibn Sina, died 1037) is generally listed as chronologically first among noteworthy Iranian philosophers, recent evidence has revealed previous existence of Ismaili philosophical systems with a structure no less complete than of Avicenna."

[7] Bennison 2009, p. 195. "Avicenna was a Persian whose father served the Samanids of Khurasan and Transoxania as the administrator of a rural district outside Bukhara."

[8] Paul Strathern (2005). A brief history of medicine: from Hippocrates to gene therapy. Running Press. p. 58. ISBN 978-0-7867-1525-1.

[9] Brian Duignan (2010). Medieval Philosophy. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 89. ISBN 978-1-61530-244-4.

[10] Michael Kort (2004). Central Asian republics. Infobase Publishing. p. 24. ISBN 978-0-8160-5074-1.

[11] Goichon 1986, p. 941. "He was born in 370/980 in Afshana, his mother's home, near Bukhara. His native language was Persian."

[12] "Avicenna was the greatest of all Persian thinkers; as physician and metaphysician ..." (excerpt from A.J. Arberry, Avicenna on Theology, Kazi Publications Inc, 1995).

[13] Corbin 1998, p. 74. "Whereas the name of Avicenna (Ibn Sina, died 1037) is generally listed as chronologically first among noteworthy Iranian philosophers, recent evidence has revealed previous existence of Ismaili philosophical systems with a structure no less complete than of Avicenna."

[7] "Did You Know?: Silk Roads Exchange and the Development of the Medical Sciences | Programme des Routes de la Soie". fr.unesco.org. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023. Scholars from this period include Avicenna (Ibn Sina, 980–1037 CE), who is often described as the father of early modern medicine, the polymath Al-Biruni (973–1050 CE), and the botanist and pharmacist Ibn al-Baitar (1197–1248 CE).

[8] Saffari, Mohsen; Pakpour, Amir (1 December 2012). "Avicenna's Canon of Medicine: A Look at Health, Public Health, and Environmental Sanitation". Archives of Iranian Medicine. 15 (12): 785–9. PMID 23199255. Archived from the original on 29 March 2020. Retrieved 11 August 2018. Avicenna was a well-known Persian and a Muslim scientist who was considered to be the father of early modern medicine.

[9] Colgan, Richard (19 September 2009). Advice to the Young Physician: On the Art of Medicine. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 33. ISBN 978-1-4419-1034-9. Avicenna is known as the father of early modern medicine.

[MacTutor_Biography|id=Avicenna-10] O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Avicenna", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews

[Britannica-11] Nasr, Seyyed Hossein (2007). "Avicenna". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Archived from the original on 31 October 2007. Retrieved 5 November 2007.

[12] Edwin Clarke, Charles Donald O'Malley (1996), The human brain and spinal cord: a historical study illustrated by writings from antiquity to the twentieth century, Norman Publishing, p. 20 (ISBN 0-930405-25-0).

[13] Iris Bruijn (2009), Ship's Surgeons of the Dutch East India Company: Commerce and the progress of medicine in the eighteenth century, Amsterdam University Press, p. 26 (ISBN 90-8728-051-3).

[14] "Avicenna 980–1037". Hcs.osu.edu. Archived from the original on 7 October 2008. Retrieved 19 January 2010.

[15] .g. at the universities of Montpellier and Leuven (see "Medicine: an exhibition of books relating to medicine and surgery from the collection formed by J.K. Lilly". Indiana.edu. 31 August 2004. Archived from the original on 14 December 2009. Retrieved 19 January 2010.).

[16] "Avicenna", in Encyclopædia Iranica, Online Version 2006". Iranica.com. Archived from the original on 29 April 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2010.

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