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| Azotobacter | |
|---|---|
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| Azotobacter species cells, stained with Heidenhain's iron hematoxylin, ×1000 | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Pseudomonadota |
| Class: | Gammaproteobacteria |
| Order: | Pseudomonadales |
| Family: | Pseudomonadaceae |
| Genus: | Azotobacter Beijerinck 1901 |
| Species | |
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Azotobacter agilis | |
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Azotobacter is a genus of usually motile, oval or spherical bacteria that form thick-walled cysts (and also has hard crust) and may produce large quantities of capsular slime. They are aerobic, free-living soil microbes that play an important role in the nitrogen cycle in nature, binding atmospheric nitrogen, which is inaccessible to plants, and releasing it in the form of ammonium ions into the soil (nitrogen fixation). In addition to being a model organism for studying diazotrophs, it is used by humans for the production of biofertilizers, food additives, and some biopolymers. The first representative of the genus, Azotobacter chroococcum, was discovered and described in 1901 by Dutch microbiologist and botanist Martinus Beijerinck. Azotobacter species are Gram-negative bacteria found in neutral and alkaline soils,[1][2] in water, and in association with some plants.[3][4]
- ^ Gandora V.; Gupta R. D.; Bhardwaj K. K. R. (1998). "Abundance of Azotobacter in great soil groups of North-West Himalayas". Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science. 46 (3): 379–383. Archived from the original on 2012-09-06. Retrieved 2010-08-30.
- ^ Martyniuk S.; Martyniuk M. (2003). "Occurrence of Azotobacter Spp. in Some Polish Soils" (PDF). Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. 12 (3): 371–374. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2010-08-30.
- ^ Tejera N.; Lluch C.; Martínez-Toledo M. V.; González-López J. (2005). "Isolation and characterization of Azotobacter and Azospirillum strains from the sugarcane rhizosphere" (PDF). Plant and Soil. 270 (1–2): 223–232. doi:10.1007/s11104-004-1522-7. S2CID 20917484. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2010-08-30.
- ^ Kumar R.; Bhatia R.; Kukreja K.; Behl R. K.; Dudeja S. S.; Narula N. (2007). "Establishment of Azotobacter on plant roots: chemotactic response, development and analysis of root exudates of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)". Journal of Basic Microbiology. 47 (5): 436–439. doi:10.1002/jobm.200610285. PMID 17910096. S2CID 30574266.