Bahadur Shah I

Names
	Abul-Nasir Sayid Qutub-ud-din Mirza Muhammad Muazzam Shah Alam Bahadur Shah Badshah
Regnal name
	Shah Alam I; Bahadur Shah I
Posthumous name
	"Khuld Manzil" (lit. 'Departed to Paradise')

Shah Alam I
Bahadur Shah I
Shah Alam I; Bahadur Shah I
Padishah; Al-Sultan Al-Azam
	Bahadur Shah I c. 1670
Emperor of Hindustan
Reign	19 June 1707 – 27 February 1712
Coronation	15 June 1707
Predecessor	Azam Shāh
Successor	Jahāndār Shāh
Born	Mirza Muhammad Mu'azzam; 14 October 1643; Shahi Qila, Burhanpur, Mughal Empire
Died	27 February 1712 (aged 68); Lahore, Mughal Empire
Burial	15 May 1712; Moti Masjid, Mehrauli, Delhi, India
Consort	Nur-un-Nissa Begum (m. 1659; died 1701)
Wives	Nizam Bai (m. 1660; d. 1692); Amrit Kanwar (m. 1671); Mihr Parwar; Umat-ul-Habib; Chattar Bai;
Issue	Jahāndār Shāh; Azz-ud-Dīn Mīrzā; Azīm-us-Shān; Rafī-ush-Shān; Daulat Afzā Mīrzā; Jahān Shāh; Humāyūn Mīrzā; Dahr Afrūz Bānū Begum; Rafī-ul-Qadar;
Names
Names
	Abul-Nasir Sayid Qutub-ud-din Mirza Muhammad Muazzam Shah Alam Bahadur Shah Badshah
Regnal name
	Shah Alam I; Bahadur Shah I
Posthumous name
	"Khuld Manzil" (lit. 'Departed to Paradise')
House	House of Babur
Dynasty	Timurid dynasty
Father	Alamgir I
Mother	Nawab Bai
Religion	Islam
Seal

Mirza Muhammad Mu'azzam (14 October 1643 – 27 February 1712), commonly known as Bahadur Shah I and Shah Alam I, was the eighth Mughal Emperor from 1707 to 1712. He was the second son of the sixth Mughal emperor Aurangzeb, who he conspired to overthrow in his youth. He was also governor of the imperial provinces of Agra, Kabul and Lahore and had to face revolts of Rajputs and Sikhs.

After Aurangzeb's death, Muhammad Azam Shah, his third son by his chief consort declared himself successor, but was shortly defeated in one of the largest battles of India, the Battle of Jajau and overthrown by Bahadur Shah. During the reign of Bahadur Shah, the Rajput kingdoms of Jodhpur and Amber were annexed again after they had declared independence a few years prior.

Bahadur Shah also sparked an Islamic controversy in the khutba by inserting the declaration of Ali as wali. His reign was disturbed by several rebellions, the Sikhs under the leadership of Banda Singh Bahadur, Rajputs under Durgadas Rathore and a Mughal prince Kam Bakhsh but all of them were successfully quelled.

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Irvine, William (1991) [First published 1921]. Later Mughals. Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. p. 141. Archived from the original on 18 March 2023. Retrieved 15 December 2021.

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[irv-1] Irvine, William (1991) [First published 1921]. Later Mughals. Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. p. 141. Archived from the original on 18 March 2023. Retrieved 15 December 2021.

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